Network Configurations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Network Configurations - Essay Example The VLANs are going to be defined in our Cisco catalyst 4300-X series switch in the VLAN Trunking Protocal (VTP). After the creation of the VLANs, there is the creation of ports. The VLANs are created using numbers and the numbers are in two ranges for the creation, that is: The creation of the solution template helps in the design of a standard modular network solutions. This solution template handles the issue of all non−standard, non device−specific configuration , for instance VLAN configuration, routing protocols, spanning tree parameters, among others (Lammle, 2011). Ideally, authentication protocols like the RADIUS, LDAP, TACACS+, among others provide a means to verify a legitimate user. These protocols are used to prevent those that are not supposed to access the out-of-band management ports. IP address filtering and authentication can also be employed. One can also opt to use Password Manager Pro which provides a centralized repository for that stores alt of passwords securely and facilitates easy administration (Ohio,

Intercultural Communications Essay Example for Free

Intercultural Communications Essay My stepmother was born in Masan, the countryside of Korea, to a family of four daughters. My step-grandfather was a hard working man. He had a small taxi and truck business. My mother’s youth was during the recovering of the war. My mom has told me stories about growing up. She rarely got nice things unlike how a lot of Korean children now get today. However, she says growing up was not as hard as most kids during the time. â€Å"Korean kids have to learn how to respect their elders,† my mother states. â€Å"For example at the dinner table you do not start eating until the elders start.† She says that hitting kids was a common thing and teachers even hit their students who failed to do assignments and do their responsibilities. It is also part of Korean culture for the eldest son to take care of the parents. Back then; the parents would even live with the eldest son even after he has married. Today, it has changed a lot and most parents would rather live alone. Children are supposed to live at home with their parents until marriage. In the United States, it was not as strict. It was common for men to move out of their parents home at eighteen and start working or go to college. These days not all Koreans still follow the culture but still, many do. Back then, Korea was recovering from war and a lot of parents were focused on their children’s education. They would do anything for their education. So, kids would do nothing but study. â€Å"I would go to school at seven in the morning and not finish until ten at night. I ate breakfast, lunch, and dinner at school,† my mom says. She studied a lot. Generally, Korea’s students study a lot more and harder than the average American. It was not until around high school years when her father made more money and became successful. My stepmom even paid for most of her college and travel expenses. She traveled to Australia to learn English and did a lot of missionary work all over the world years later. I think all of those years of studying hard paid off for her. I learned that my mom is very strict about certain things pertaining to me because of how she was raised. For Christmas, she received an orange. In today’s world, it is common for kids to go out to the mall and hang out with their friends and buy a few things. At least, that is how it is in America. My mom did not have that. In her view, kids are not really supposed to receive much money from their parents. The money should stay with the parents. I learned that the United States and Korea today share some culture similarities and some drastic differences. I feel that by learning more about cultures outside of your own one really opens up new ideas and different ways of thinking. By learning more about Korean culture over the years, I feel that I have become an a lot more open minded individual and it has made me a stronger today. Works Cited: Kim, Tara. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 2011

Strategic Business Plan

Strategic Business Plan Developing a Strategic Business Plan Either in the start up process or when re-inventing ones business development, the design of a strategic business plan is an indispensable step towards a successful and viable business. Strategic planning involves setting up a sound and multifaceted plan or strategy to follow over a defined time period.It can involve all aspects of the business, or just a small part of it i.e. a selected department such as the marketing department.However, this does not mean that strategic business planning is only for large scale businesses since it can also benefit the small business, especially at start up, when the business sets its first goals and establishes itself in the business landscape. Writing up a business plan is an important step of a starting business, since most lending bodies will not authorize loans in absense of a detailed business plan.Why is it important? Imagine sailing off for a voyage in the sea and not planning for resources or supplies that you might need. Developing a business plan is the only way to determine the allocation needs, personnel, utilities, marketing goals, outreach and all valuable aspects that make your business useful and unique in the sea of business. However, strategic planning is a process employed in any time period in a formal business administration, since it usually comprises of a long range planning process of a specific or broader managerial aspect, that will in a time-frame manner set the outline of the business goals and image and ultimately form its policy. To be successful, a strategic business plan, either at start up or as a means of sustainment of a particular policy, should provide with day to day reference for the decision making in organization and management of the business and should provide a template against which all decisions can be evaluated (Goodstein et al ,1993).Ackoffs (1981) typology of planning, provides with several points to the understanding of the planning process, identifies as a key step in the business or organizations decision to adhere to the long term goals of strategic planning.These are l Reactive planning ( planning through the rear view mirror) l Inactive (going with the flow) l Preactive or future planning l Proactive or designing the future planning. The most challenging and demanding type of planning is the proactive planning, which is based on the beleif that the organization or business itself, is responsible for shaping its future and thus can do differently i.e. to solve an anticipated problem.In order for an administration to sustain an applied strategic planning process in its midsts, it is anticipated that efforts are made to develop an openness for new ideas and allow for envisioning in serving the future. An area where envisioning is particularly useful is the mision development : who the business customers are, how will the business go about its tasks and the business raison detre. Moreover, the strategic planning process must be strongly intercalated with the organizational culture of the business, the latter being the social context in and through which the business performs its work. This connection will facilitate the easy transmission to the workers and administrators of the mission of the business, the specific operational goals and the means to acheive them. After the decision and contexts of the strategic planning are made, several steps are indispensable in the successful inplementation of the process: 1st setting the stage for planning: understanding the way planning works, the values scan and mission formulation 2nd Setting strategic business directions : strategic business modeling such as performance auditing, gap analysis 3rd Implementing the strategic plan : integrating action plans, contigency planning and implementation. In conclusion, a strategic business planning process is an expansion of the traditional business plan method towards the future developmentof the business, that formulates a strategy in anticipating change and maintaining its status in the business arena. Several steps are necessary in implementing a viable and successful strategy plan, most of which require serious documentation, market research and official design and control. In several examples in history, an inspired and well grounded strategy plan has been the means to ground-breaking enterpreneurships and immense success. REFERENCES: Ackoff (1981) Creating the corporate future. New York : John Riley Goodstein LD, Nolan T, Pfeiffer JW (1993) Applied strategic planning. Mc Graw Hill

The History of Computing :: Free Essay Writer

The History of Computing The Computer - Man’s Greatest Achievment Computers are indeed approaching the status of the core operator of every electronic device or utility in the world today. Their â€Å"logic† and process can produce results millions of times faster than that of the human brain. They are at the helm of everything from an old walk man to the systems that keep the Earth’s continents in constant communications. They’ll likely soon be the basis of communications between other civilizations in outer space. When the computer was first introduced, it was simply a device of convenience for use of the masses or huge corporations and universities. The incredible machines have now grown so much since their introduction, that the World’s economy desperately depends on them to function. But computers have not always been so royal. The first machine to be classified as a computer used no circuitry of any kind, but was consistent entirely of gears and rods that made simple calculations in mathematics. As compute rs progressed in complexity and became more modern, society utilized them in nearly every way possible. They now are incorporated into every aspect of human life, especially for recreation and general home usage. It remains second in complexity only to that of the human brain. And yet it they still progress towards perfection. The idea of what is now modern computing originates (more or less) in the late 1700’s with the birth of computing’s conceptual father, Charles Babbage. He was born in London on December 26, 1791, the day after Christmas. He excelled in the area of mathematics (algebra for the most part), acting as his own instructor. He found himself to have been far in intellectual advance of his peers and â€Å"mentors†. Upon attending Trinity College, Cambridge in 1811, he still remained at incredible superiority to his tutors. After founding several societies (i.e. Analytical Society, Astronomical Society or Royal Astronomical Society), he became interested in mathematical calculation machines. This ultimately became his life interest. He pursued the invention of a machine that could compile mathematical tables. This gave way to the design of the â€Å"Difference Engine†. It performed somewhat complex mathematical tasks using gears and belts, not quite the hard ware integrated in todays machines. He eventually conceived the design of an â€Å"Analytical Engine† that would be able to make virtually any calculation (at least those considered in the time period) given the proper commands and instructions.

Marketing Brand Strategy

Decide if you would like to brand your product or service. Then identify three products or services in your industry that have a logo or slogan. After which, either develop a logo or slogan that will identify your product or service or explain why branding is not the best marketing plan. Then write a marketing memo to the advertising division of your company rationalizing your choice. Evaluation Criteria: Have you included all the required elements? Have you identified the environmental factors and described their influence appropriately in the given situation? Please use the textbook – Marketing Management 12E by Kotler & Keller and other sources. If you are using sources other than the text, you must provide complete citations. Is the paper professionally presented? Remember your audience – senior management at your company. It is important to present your information as clearly and succinctly as possible. Please read the instructions carefully. Please make sure that 1 of the 3 references that you are using is my text book – Marketing My product brand : â€Å"Smiley ulcer-guard toothpaste†, Company: Teethal Slogan : Guardian in disguise –   forever with a smile [ which implies that this above mentioned toothpaste prevents from the oral infection of ulcers which shadows a face with grin and no smile for a long period. ] Logo: A smile embedded in a circle Three products in the industry having logo or slogan are as follows – 1. HLL’s Close-Up 2. Proctor and Gamble’s Pepsodent 3. Colgate Palmolive’s Colgate Why banding is not the best marketing plan? Strategic planning is a process which gives a detailed understanding of the growth and provides a futuristic view of a business enterprise. Careful study of the strategic planning helps in scrutinizing and developing a steady marketing plan for a product line or a brand. Every marketing plan should involve a thorough analysis of the external and internal environment. If the environment is stable, most of the activities will be predictable and convenient for the organization. But in today’s scenario, the environment is changing faster and faster which leads to discontinuity with the past. The environmental survey is the cornerstone to every marketing plan. The various macro environmental factors like political, social, economical, technological, natural and legal environment imbibe a sense of competitive advantage over other competitors. In the course of studying and analyzing the marketing plan, marketers also identify the brand power of the product lines existing in that firm, which speaks about the positioning and differentiation of the products. Branding is a process of developing a differentiated product which is positioned in the minds of the consumers as a brand by way of its logo and slogan. Branding is just one strategy in the whole of the marketing strategy of the marketing plan. If Branding is studied without looking over the marketing plan, then the outcome would be disastrous as branding is a subset of the marketing strategy which in turn is a subset of the marketing plan which is a subset of strategic planning. Hence it is said that branding need not be the best marketing plan. If a marketing plan is properly carried out, it satisfies the process of branding too (Batra et al 1999, Kotler, 2001, & Ramaswamy et al;, 2004). Marketing Memo to the Advertising firm: Lintas My organization â€Å"Teethal† deals with the manufacture of varied products of toothpaste. Recently a new product is been manufactured named – Smiley ulcer-guard toothpaste, which has a unique differentiating factor of overcoming the worst oral infection caused by ulcers. I have carried out a detailed learning of this product which is branded by taking into consideration the environmental factors like consumer and demand for the product, industry competition, technology and social environment which plays a major role. The following specification needs attention while carrying out the advertising plan (Batra et al, 1999 & Gilbert, 2003). Product Specifications: Attributes of the brand: long lasting fresh breath, ulcer protection, economical Personality of the brand– always charming and vibrant Benefits of the brand – All the attributes provide a functional benefit â€Å"I won’t have to worry about my oral protection†. The attribute economical translates into an emotional benefit which makes the user feel important for maintaining value-for-money. Values of the brand – The brand also says something about the manufacturers’ values – hygienic and effective and powerful. User of the product: all age group.   Strongly advisable for teenagers who have bad eating habits and executives working under stress. Pricing:   Although the product is very much effective for every user, the price is economical to encourage the masses to buy the product and avail the benefit of its healing touch. 200 gm toothpaste is priced at US Dollars 3. Promotion: The product could be initially advertised in the urban cities on Television, in metros on FM radios and in the rural places on TV cables [just a suggestion] Distribution: The product is a convenience product and hence will be sold at every local convenient store. Intensive distribution mode will be adopted to enhance its usage and improve its beneficial value. Based on the above requirements, kindly prepare the advertising budget to bring out the clarity of this advertising campaign so as to provide the necessary resources. Also provide us with your study carried out with regards to the internal differences between the advertising plans which arise from the differences in the external factors and the environmental situations which the advertisers face (Batra et al 1999, Kotler, 2001, & Ramaswamy et al;, 2004). References – Batra, R., Myers, J. G., and Aaker, D. A. (1999), Advertising Management, 5th ed, New Delhi: Prentice. Gilbert, D. (2003), Retail Marketing Management, New Delhi: Pearson. Kotler, P. (2001), Marketing Management, Millenium ed, New Delhi: Prentice. Ramaswamy, V. S. and Namakumari, S. (2004), Marketing Management: Planning, Implementation and Control, 3rd ed, Delhi: Macmillan.      

Psychological approaches to health practice Essay

Explain different psychological approaches to social care practice In this assignment I am going to look at four different psychological approaches and how they can be linked to health and social care situations, two of the approaches will be linked to health care situations and the other two to social care situations. The first approach that I am going to link to a social care situation is the behaviourist perspective, where psychologists explain all human behaviour as resulting from experience. Two of the major psychologists linked with this approach are Pavlov and Skinner and although these two believed that different processes were involved they agreed that behaviour was the result of learning. I am going to concentrate on the work of Skinner. Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist that worked mainly with pigeons and rats to investigate the important principles of learning new behaviours. He was responsible for a very famous piece of equipment, the Skinner box, whi ch was a box that contained a lever that when pressed released a food pellet. This box reinforced lever pressing behaviour. Once the rat was put inside Skinners box it would sniff and move around and at some point push the lever and release the food pellet. When the rat has pushed the lever many times it will learn that this behaviour, pushing the lever, is followed by the release of the food pellet, the consequence. As the rat would like to have more food the pellet is experienced as reinforcing and this increases the chance of the behaviour being repeated. Skinner also investigated negative reinforcement by running a very small electric current on the floor of the box containing the rat and if the rat pushed the lever then the current would be turned off. This action was negative reinforcement. An example of this is taking a painkiller to relieve the symptoms of a headache which results in the headache going away then you have been negatively reinforced for taking a painkiller. Skinner also investigated that punishment happens when behaviour is followed by a consequence which is an unpleasant experience . He did this by having a box where the rat received a small electric shock when it pushed the lever. The consequence of pushing the lever was unpleasant, an electric shock, so the rat learned not to push the lever. The principles of operant conditioning can be used to create more helpful behaviours and remove the  unhelpful ones. The principles of reinforcement and punishment are a very powerful way to alter a person’s behaviour. This process is sometimes known as behaviour modification. My father uses this approach daily at work as he is a senior prison officer at HMP Wayland to maintain order within the regime and my mother uses the same ideas, for classroom management at Wayland Academy, on a daily basis. In both situations, good behaviour is rewarded and poor behaviour is punished but in very different ways. At Wayland Academy, where I have completed my first work placement, there is a behaviour policy called the Red Card Procedure and it is used in every classroom throughout the school. The policy is a four stage policy designed to promote good classroom behaviour and pupils receive consequences for behaviour that disrupts the learning of other students. The procedure is: Step 1 – Consequence 1 (C1) – The student receives a 10 minute detention for a first occurrence of any behaviour that disrupts others learning. This behaviour can include calling out, unnecessarily demanding the teacher’s time and using foul language. Step 2 – Consequence 2 (C2) – The student receives a 10 minute detention for a second occurrence of any behaviour that disrupts others learning. This means that the student now has a total of 20 minutes detention with the class teacher. Step 3 – Consequence 3 (Time out) – After the third occurrence of disruptive behaviour the student is sent outside the classroom and the teacher goes out and speaks to them privately explaining that they have reached their final chance of remaining in the lesson. If their behaviour is not improved after this they will be removed from the remainder of the lesson and have a 60 minute after school detention the following week. Step 4 – Consequence 4 (R ed Card) – If another example of disruptive behaviour now happens the student is removed from the remainder of the lesson and receives a 60 minute after school detention. The Red Card Procedure works on the same basis as Skinners theory that punishment occurs when behaviour is followed by a consequence that is unpleasant. If the student demonstrates disruptive behaviour then they are punished by the removal of their free time, in the form of detention, and it is hoped that this punishment will teach the student to stop the disruptive behaviour. Aldworth, C. Billingham, M. Lawrence, P. Moonie, N. and Whitehouse, M (2010) Health and Social Care Level 3 Book 1 BTEC National  Harlow: Pearson Education Limited – Pages 339-340 The second approach that I am going to link to a social care situation is the cognitive perspective where psychologists believe the brain was like a computer system and much work has gone in to understanding the cognitive processes of attention, memory, perception, information processing, thought, problem solving and language. One of the two main psychologists within this approach, that I am going to talk about, is George Kel ly. He developed a very unique psychological theory known as the Psychology of Personal Construct where he saw the individual as a experimenter, making their predictions about the future, testing them and if they need to they revise them according to new evidence. For example if an individual becomes deaf in their middle age then it might be likely that they withdraw from society and become isolated. On the other hand if they interpret it as a challenge then they may try and find new and exciting ways to work around the deafness and continue with a fulfilling life. Individuals with learning difficulties may experience frustration within their daily lives as they seek to make sense of confusing experiences. The cognitive approach can help individuals with learning difficulties in misunderstood situations, by identifying irrational thoughts, an individual can be a guide to change them, with consequent benefits on their emotions and behaviour. This work can improve an individual’s self-esteem and reduce outbursts which may be caused by a lack of understanding of the requirements that are needed for a situation. While I was on placement at Wayland Academy, I worked with the Year 7 Gold Group, which is a nurture group. The individuals in thi s nurture group all have certain learning difficulties . The group is limited to a maximum of 15 students so the staff have enough time within a lesson to go around and help everyone understand the lesson objectives and stop them from becoming frustrated. For example, one of the students within the classroom has Aspergers Syndrome which is a form of autism but it differs from other conditions on the autism spectrum by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. The teacher and classroom assistant have certain strategies to allow this student to access learning. While they are sitting and working with him they are continually refocusing his attention on to the required task, and this may involve moving the work into his eyeline if he has become distracted. Another strategy is to repeat and reword the given  task until the student has understood fully. The teacher and the classroom assistant knows when the student has understood because when he has understood he responds to them in full sentences and when he is still struggling he only gives one word answers. Aldworth, C. Billingham, M. Lawrence, P. Moonie, N. and Whitehouse, M (2010) Health and Social Care Level 3 Book 1 BTEC National Harlow: Pearson Education Limited – Pages 350-351 and 359-361 http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Asperger’s-Syndrome.htm Now I am going to move on and look at health care situations and the first psychological approach I am going to look at is the humanistic perspective. Humanistic psychology looks at the human experience from an individual’s viewpoint and uses the idea of free will and that everyone is free to make choices. One of the two psychologists I am going to talk about is Carl Rodgers and was very interested in the whole idea concept of self. Self-concept looks at the way each individual views themselves, this includes biological and physical attributes. Self-concept is noticed at a young age, when children internalise other individual’s judgements about them and think it is true. For example if a child gets called naughty or silly throughout their childhood then their self-concept will contain these aspects and possibly shape their future in a negative way. On the other hand if a child is praised and encouraged to succeed then they will have a positive self-concept and will try better at what they do because they start to see themselves as worthwhile. Carl Rodgers is famous for forming a particular type of counselling which is based on unconditional positive regard from the counsellor, to try and help the patient gain a more positive sense of self. Unconditional positive regard refers to the idea that the counsellor supports and validates the individual’s experiences, feelings, beliefs and emotions unconditionally, whether good or bad. Over time this helps the patient accept themselves and think more positively about who they are. One of the features of this approach to helping others is to develop empathy. Empathy is the opposite of sympathy where you would feel sorry for an individual empathy us to really listen to the individual and be in tune with their emotions, and respect them for who they are This is not always easy to do because as we may not understand why the individual feels so bad about themselves about an issue we may be able to easily discharge. Nevertheless, if we try to respect the individual we maybe working with then we might start to understand the importance to them and we can become closer to displaying empathy. True empathy requires us to move aside all judgements we may have and as the saying goes ‘Put ourselves in their shoes’. Like empathy, understanding is of critical importance when applying this perspective to health care practices. Rodgers frequently referred to more then just understanding at an intellectual level: he talks about empathetic understanding which means using your own emotions and sensitivity to become a more effective person to help any individual. A lot of the time many people allow their own personal experiences and personal judgements get in the way of helping the individual by saying â€Å"Well, that’s not a problem – they should just pull themselves together! I have dealt with worse myself.† This can turn into a major barrier between patient and counsellor, instead of creating a barrier counsellors use useful questions like; How does that make you feel? Can you identify what you are afraid of? Could you tell me a little bit more about that? That seemed to upset you? All of these questions enable the individual to break down the problem without realising it so it helps the counsellor what to say and what to suggest for the next step. It has been shown , by a recent study in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical, that cognitive behaviour therapy for adherence and depression can be effective for decreasing depression and increasing adherence to medication in HIV-infected drug users. The intervention group received 9 treatment sessions over a period of 3 months, involving informational, problem-solving, and cognitive behavioral steps. At each step, the participants and the therapist collaboratively defined the problem, generated alternative solutions, made decisions about the solutions, and developed a plan for implementing them. At post-treatment, the intervention group showed significant improvements and showed a significant reduction in symptoms of depression. Depression and substance abuse are the most comorbid disorders associated with HIV-inf ection, and it is suggested that even a small change in adherence can result in improved outcomes for HIV patients. The results of this study suggest that the  integration of cognitive behavior therapy into substance abuse counseling may be useful for decreasing depression and improving adherence to medication (with continued sessions) in HIV-infected patients with a history of injection drug use. Aldworth, C. Billingham, M. Lawrence, P. Moonie, N. and Whitehouse, M (2010) Health and Social Care Level 3 Book 1 BTEC National Harlow: Pearson Education Limited – Pages 348, 349 and 357 http://www.beckinstituteblog.org/2013/03/cbt-is-effective-for-adherence-and-depression-in-hiv-infected-injection-drug-users/ The second approach I am going to discuss in relation to a health care situation is the social learning perspective. The social learning perspective is where influences happen on our behaviour from the environment around us, for example; from peers, siblings, parents, sports personalities, television and other celebrities. According to this theory role models have a huge impact on an individual’s life. While we may learn our behaviour from observing another person behave and imitating what they do, behaviour is strongly influenced by the way we perceive the role model performing the behaviour. Albert Bandura was one of the theorists within the social learning approach and he developed observational learning, which is learning behaviour from watching and observing others such as television personalities. The individual we learn from, known as the role model, and the process of imitating their behaviour is called modelling. However we do not imitate all behaviour we have observed, because it is in our interests to imitate particular behaviour influenced by the actions of the role model. If we see our role model being punished and we do not like the way they have been punished then we as individuals are less likely to repeat that behaviour, on the other hand if they have been positively reinforced and the individual sees that then they are more likely to repeat that behaviour. As above role models play a huge part in influencing behaviour of those who observe them. For example Jamie Oliver the celebrity chef has had a huge impact on primary schools around the UK, with his School Dinners Project he has managed to get local authorities to re-introduce freshly cooked meals rather than pre-cooked because they are far healthier for the human body providing the correct nutrients for a child’s needs. He has also, through his Food Foundation created the Kitchen Garden Project which educates primary school children about the joys of growing and cooking from scratch.