How To Write Effective Informative Speech free essay sample

Envision you can't get up, to eat, unassisted. Requiring another to dress and wash you throughout each and every day. Is that living? When it’s your chance to go, would that be biting the dust with respect? Let’s state you have an incessant disease and you are in extraordinary physical agony. Wouldn’t you need the option to request that your PCP end your affliction? Or on the other hand is that stepping excessively far? Welcome to the discussion of willful extermination. Today I will examine the history and argumentation of helped self destruction. Helped self destruction, otherwise called killing, is a hot-button issue that was brought into the light by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian was a dubious dissident who attempted to legitimize helped self destruction under the contention that everybody merits an altruistic demise. There had been a lot of discussion on the issue, and our governing bodies have investigated what the training involves and the ethical ramifications of helped self destruction. Be that as it may, it is as yet illicit in the entirety of the United States. In any case, Physician Aid in Dying or PAD is legitimate in Washington, Oregon, and Montana. The thing that matters is that killing includes an outsider to manage the portion, while PAD surrenders it over to the patient to take it. In this introduction I will concentrate exclusively on killing, including the job of Dr. Kevorkian and the ethical ramifications of sanctioning helped self destruction. The idea of picking an opportunity to pass on with the assistance of a doctor was first medicinally investigated by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Conceived in Royal Oak, Michigan, he went to the University of Michigan. There, he saw patients languishing. Particularly in situations where there was no fix accessible, he needed to end their enduring in an others conscious way. In his own words Dr. Kevorkian expressed, â€Å"I’m going to do it right.† That was distributed in the New York Times in 2007. As indicated by a 2011 New York Times article, in 1990 Kevorkian helped 130 individuals bite the dust utilizing his machine named the Thanatron, which is Greek for â€Å"death machine.† A 2011 Washington Post article portrayed his scandalous demise machine, which is said to have been produced using scraps. Different strategies Kevorkian utilized were carbon monoxide concealing and overdose by infusion. His training earned him the moniker Doctor Death. Because of the antagonistic idea of the strategies, Dr. Kevorkian needed to perform them in mystery; as I expressed, this was not an open practice. No congregation or emergency clinic would have his training. This constrained Dr. Kevorkian to perform helped suicides in his VW van. In any case, Dr. Kevorkian became worn out on doing everything in mystery, and the interest was high. Thus, he brought his training out into the open circle. By publicizing his work, expounding on the requirement for helped self destruction and the humanness of passing on with respect, he began an incredible discussion in the United States in an increasingly intricate and realistic endeavor to draw open consideration. Dr. Kevorkian taped a recording of a helped self destruction by a man who had Lou Gehrig’s ailment. The taping was appeared on an hour so as to draw the consideration of the courts, and consideration he got. The courts concluded that the taping of his helped self destruction was viewed as first-degree murder. In 1999 NPR expressed that the court condemned Dr. Kevorkian to 10 to 25 years for this, yet he just served 8. He was discharged on parole on June 1, 2007, relying on the prerequisite that he would not offer exhortation on self destruction to anybody. He kicked the bucket four years after the fact of regular causes. Before he kicked the bucket, nonetheless, Kevorkian expressed, â€Å"Dying isn't a crime.† And since the time he pointed out the thought and practice of helped self destruction, individuals have been discussing the â€Å"how† of that quote. Without a doubt it is the means by which one enters passing that stems all the discussion. The ethical ramifications alone are sufficient to provoke the nation’s most remarkable scholastics and specialists to investigate helped self destruction, otherwise called demise guiding and willful extermination. As per an article discharged by the New York Times in 2011, 60% of Kevorkian’s patients who decided to be euthanized were not critically ill. Also, the greatest evaluate of the technique was the absence of mental investigation and advising before the method. As indicated by another 2011 New York Times article, in at any rate 19 cases people decided to kick the bucket inside 24 hours of meeting Dr. Kevorkian. The Economist expressed, â€Å"Studies of the individuals who looked for Dr. Kevorkian recommend that however many had aâ worsening disease it was not generally terminal. Post-mortem examinations show that five individuals had no infection by any stretch of the imagination. Minimal over a third were in torment. Some probably experienced close to anxiety or depressionâ€Å" (June 9, 2011). In light of this Kevorkian expressed on CNN, â€Å"What contrast does it make on the off chance that somebody is terminal? We are all terminal† (June 14, 2010). For Kevorkian a patient didn’t essentially should be terminal, simply languishing. â€Å"While there are substantial studies against the system, Kevorkian’s work can be credited for invigorating the discussion and improving finish of-life care in the United States.† That was imprinted in the Detroit Free Press in 2011. Its history is equal with the name Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian, while his work was questionable, made open the subject of extraordinary patient affliction and a doctor’s job in tending to it. Regardless of whether you bolster or restrict Dr. Kevorkian’s work, recall that there is just a single outright throughout everyday life, that it will end one day. At the point when your opportunity arrives, I trust you can go with as much respect as you lived.

Health and Their Contribution to ADL Practices

Question: Contextual analysis of the determinants of wellbeing and their commitment to ADL rehearses. Answer: Presentation The determinants of wellbeing are answerable for assessing a people probability of keeping up a decent wellbeing. These remember the circumstances or the earth for which individuals were conceived, raised, living, working, and developing old. They are some of the time otherwise called 'the reasons for the causes', as it is built up that however strength of populaces is affected by exercises or presentation to hazard, social and financial factors likewise assume significant jobs (Anon n.d.). Exercises of day by day living (ADLs) are basically the crucial or essential self-care aptitudes or capacities one needs to appropriately think about oneself (Lawrence et al. 2014). These errands are one of the most significant estimations used to evaluate a person's consideration plan (Klimczuk 2016). It might be utilized as a manual for decide whether individuals fit the bill for specific administrations or on the off chance that they need an expanded degree of care. The reliance on others for ADLs may contrarily affect the prosperity of an individual and impact the personal satisfaction (QoL) (Giebel et al. 2015). Indeed, even the medicine and substance use might be impacted and should be saw a long time before giving nursing care to such patients. To outline this, a survey based contextual analysis was done to distinguish how the exercises of day by day living (ADLs) influence the determinants of wellbeing. This might be utilized as a guide in nursing practice to decide the wellbeing status of the patient. A multi year elderly person, experiencing incessant hypertension, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, joint inflammation, urinary incontinence, and hearing issues was met at a mature age home subsequent to taking educated assent and keeping up the security of the interviewee. Care was taken so as not to incorporate any culpable inquiries. The inquiries remembered for the survey were connected to the essential ADLs performed by the patient/interviewee and attempted to sum up the capacities of the patient as far as development, cognizance, individual consideration, social similarity, and work impediments. According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (2008) the interviewee was given full opportunity to take a free choosing to take an interest and classification of the data was guaranteed. Discoveries from the meeting The patient advised that however she had the option to walk gradually, she required help for coming up and to move from situated to standing position. She dealt with this with the walkers. For moving up and down the steps additionally she required help. She dealt with this with the guide of railings in the steps. She couldn't plan food and it was being given by the mature age home, which dealt with including all vital wholesome fixings. She could take care of without anyone else, however gradually. As she required various meds for her various afflictions, she requested that somebody set up a prescription graph for her, which she showed in her room, to help her in taking all meds on schedule. She had likewise kept copy portable amplifiers in her room in the event that she overlooks or loses her listening device. In spite of the fact that she could wash up freely, she had made certain changes in the restroom to assist her with this. She kept up close to home cleanliness rehearses without anyone else, for example, brushing her teeth and prepping herself, however the speed was moderate. She picked her dresses herself, however she required guide in overseeing clasp and so on while getting into the garments and off. She took help from her prisoners in the mature age home. She had the option to work and utilize other assistive gadgets like her portable amplifiers, walker, and so on without anyone else, however now and again she required help. She could utilize the latrine freely as she had made adjustments in the can for the equivalent. Be that as it may, he had urinary incontinence due to which her body and garments gave a terrible scent. Defecations were still leveled out. She had not been accomplishing any local work since 4-5 years since she was in the mature age home. Notwithstanding, she felt that she could do it however at a moderate pace. She couldn't work a telephone inferable from the advancement of most recent innovation telephones. Conversation Wellbeing is dictated by physical, mental, social, and monetary variables. The determinants of wellbeing can be related with the ADLs and afterward used to survey the QoL (Kim et al. 2014). If there should arise an occurrence of the above patient ADLs are incredibly dictated by these components. Despite the fact that the lady is under prescription and has an extremely agreeable condition in the mature age home, she despite everything needs nursing care and support and the mature age home ought to accommodate a medical attendant for helping her recapture her certainty. She has positive social and financial conditions in the mature age home, notwithstanding, customized care is required. Despite the fact that she has discovered approaches to counter her needs utilizing physical guides, similar to walker and adjusting the restroom can, in any case she needs legitimate management and help to manage her physical, mental, and social self preoccupation she is experiencing because of urinary incontinence. Appropriate nourishment and auspicious prescription is important to keep her wellbeing from decaying further. Also, the ceaseless conditions she is experiencing, confinements in ADLs, and the propelling age, request more consideration to improve her QoL (George et al. 2014). As she is experiencing joint pain, cleaning up and climbing the steps without anyone else may demonstrate unsafe for her. Along these lines, an unsurpassed medical caretaker ought to be given to her. This might be considered as requirement for long haul care administrations. These administrations are regularly required for incessant diseases and required from beginning of these conditions and for the rest of the lifetime, in this way making it of incredible critical to more readily comprehend the components related with long haul care to give proper mind and mitigate the cultural weight brought about by expanding age (Wu et al. 2014). In addition, however at present her intellectual level is fine, because of propelling age, diabetes, midlife hypertension, that are the most broadly acknowledged hazard factors, there might be mellow changes in insight that can show as postponements in memory and impedances in ADLs (Miu et al. 2016). The modifiable midlife hazard factors (like diabetes, hypertension, cholesterolemia) ought to be dealt with right off the bat in life to forestall ADL handicap in mature age. On the off chance that these hazard factors are given sufficient consideration in the middle age, there can be generous increment in the mature age time frame that one can carry on with a solid and autonomous life (Wong et al. 2015). The social determinants of wellbeing are incompletely ailing for this situation as if the lady has neighborhood trust, backing, union, and cooperation inside the mature age home, her association with the outside world through telephone or some other methods is absent. This has incredible effect on the more established people capacity to age set up (Norstrand et al. 2014). As the present procedure of care changes for individuals with crippling conditions is both ineffectual and wasteful (Camicia et al. 2014), the medical attendants should be given the important information and aptitudes to encourage changes that end up being significant for patients, their families, and the medicinal services framework. Numbness and disregard of ADL appraisal and ignorance about taking care of them may prompt poor long haul results of treatment being given (Kerkhoff et al. 2014). Medical attendants should be still increasingly engaged with geriatric patients who are experiencing psychosocial changes and may effectsly affect their psychological well-being also (Liebel Powers 2015). End The above meeting in this way brings to the fore the requirement for appropriate and sufficient nursing care to individuals who are having impediments in ADLs. The wellbeing determinants which lead to these conditions should be surveyed right off the bat throughout everyday life and treated appropriately. On the off chance that these are introduced at later stages, sufficient preventive and healing estimates should be applied by the medical caretaker, so the patient can lead a real existence worth living. Referencing Anon, Determinants of Health. Camicia, M. et al., 2014. The Essential Role of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Facilitating Care Transitions: A White Paper by the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. Restoration Nursing, 39(1), pp.315. George, P.P. et al., 2014. Determinants of wellbeing related personal satisfaction among network abiding older. Chronicles of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 43(1), pp.310. Giebel, C.M., Sutcliffe, C. Challis, D., 2015. Exercises of every day living and personal satisfaction across various phases of dementia: a UK study. Maturing Mental Health, 19(1), pp.6371. Kerkhoff, G. et al., 2014. Smooth Pursuit Bedside Training Reduces Disability and Unawareness During the Activities of Daily Living in Neglect A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, p.1545968313517757. Kim, K., Kim, Y.M. Kim, E.K., 2014. Connection between's the Activities of Daily Living of Stroke Patients in a Community Setting and Their Quality of Life. Diary of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), pp.417419.

How to Effectively Manage Your Sales Funnel

How to Effectively Manage Your Sales Funnel COMPOSITION OF A SALES FUNNELThe sales funnel can be generally divided into three simple sections. © Entrepreneurial InsightsTop of the funnelEveryone enters here, possibly as a result of the interest generated in your product through an effective marketing or promotions strategy. The top of the funnel is the widest because no filter mechanism is at play and there is encouragement for everyone to explore.Middle of the funnelAt this stage a customer has taken a step beyond just going through basic information regarding your product. This minor initial commitment tags them as a sales lead. It means that something about your offering moved them beyond just observing to actual action albeit a minor gesture. This does not mean that they business value however. That will be assessed based on their level of engagement or attractiveness. This is a tricky stage because there is access to a wide variety of expressions of interest and identifying potential sales correctly can make the differenc e between successful sales and wasted efforts.Bottom of the funnelA potential client (sales lead) at this stage is someone who is qualified and ready to make a purchase. This assessment is based on their degree of interest based on observing how they behave. If they have made repeated inquiries, shown repeated expressions of interest etc., then they become an opportunity. A client at this stage is ready for a proposal or personalized pitch to allow them to formally commit to your product.IMPORTANCE OF QUALIFYING SALES LEADSMarketing qualified leads are those entrants into the funnel who have the engagement or attractiveness to merit focus on them as potential successful sales. These are identified somewhere in the middle of the funnel and this identification is extremely important. The sales team needs to figure out whether an attractive client is more important to qualify or if an engaged one is. Attractiveness is a relatively constant measure (revenues, industry type, number of em ployees etc) and it is what flags a prospect as a person of interest for the business. Engagement is a more dynamic quality which can change frequently and signifies whether a prospect is ready to buy.When a marketing qualified lead rates high on both attractiveness and engagement, they become a Sales Qualified Lead. These prospects show the most signs of being turned into a successful sale and are therefore worth a concentrated effort to pursue. At this point, most effort should, if a SQL is attractive and engaged than they should be pursued fully. Efforts should be scaled back for those leads which are less attractive even if they are engaged and more effort assigned to those who remain attractive even if they rate low on engagement.BENEFITS OF A SALES FUNNELThere are several benefits to use a sales funnel:It helps focus attention on the customers most likely to purchase the product.No business wants to spend time trying to turn every single person into a sale.Instead of wasting t ime on those people who are not actually interested, the sales teams can target their efforts.It also helps add some predictability to the sales process which is otherwise very variable.A customer that has reached the bottom is most likely to be engaged enough to be turned into a successful sale.EFFECTIVE SALES FUNNEL MANAGEMENTSuccessful sales are characterized by identifying potential leads that will convert to purchasing customers. Because of the extremely large number of people showing initial interest and the relatively smaller number of people actually looking to buy, it is a difficult process to correctly identify and focus your efforts on the right people.This is where an efficiently managed and effectively created sales funnel acts as a filter. When it flows smoothly, a sales funnel can offer tremendous benefits to the business. Conversely, if the funnel becomes needlessly complicated, it can actually become a hindrance to the process and slow things down. It therefore rema ins imperative to ensure that the sales funnel is long enough to act as an effective filter, but not so long that it becomes too complex and starts leaking prospects from the side.An ideal funnel will smoothly channel prospective leads downwards while horizontally removing the rest to avoid clogging the entire passage.Among other things, a sales funnel can be kept relevant through the following activities.Remove roadblocksIt is vital to ensure that no leads move horizontally within the funnel. Instead, they should be able to move relatively smoothly downwards, with only the occasional pause to address concerns and gather more information. If it is taking too long to convert leads into sales, then the funnel and the processes built into it need to be carefully evaluated to eliminate any unnecessary steps. By asking pointed questions as to why the delays occur, you can identify if it is a problem outside the funnel such as access to decision makers or a fault in the marketing communic ations. But more often than not, it will also lead to an identification of redundant process steps within the channel as well.It is important to note that steps should not be removed just for the sake of simplification. If an intelligent process study is not undertaken, it will result in incomplete or missing steps that may result in a loss of leads. Any steps that add no value or require additional actions that are not necessary should be targeted for removal only.Target qualified leadsThere are many instances where those responsible for the top of the funnel pass of all leads to the sales teams rather than properly qualifying them. This is a key mistake as a majority of those leads will never turn into sales. By having them all in a pool to target, the sales team will end up spending vital time, effort and resources into targeting someone who will never turn into a successful sale. Instead, owners of the top and middle parts of the funnel should be trained to properly identify onl y those leads that can be turned into sales, whether now or at a later time. Since not all leads require the same information and support, a smaller pool of leads will allow the sales team to offer diversified products and services to meet many different requirements.Use a CRMA simple but effective Customer Relationship Management application will supplement the funnel and allow the sales team to keep a track of different customers and their specific requirements. It can also help automate and simplify certain processes and make the funnel function even more smoothly. But it is key here to choose a system that is simple and does not add further complexity to the process.HOW TO BUILD THE PERFECT SALES FUNNELCreating the perfect sales funnel for your business is not a daunting task provided you understand the basics of a sales funnel, your own sales team and their performance and buying behavior and motivations of your customer. The following steps can be used to create and sustain an effective high performing sales funnel.Use Value-Selling and the Buyer’s PerspectiveThe hallmark of a successful funnel is that the company knows and understands its customer and their motivations. What are the target company’s core values and belief systems and what do they value the most for their business. It is this understanding of the buyer’s perspective that can ensure more successful sales than a more need oriented approach. This insight into the customer can be achieved through some basic research, initial conversations as well as available market studies and trends. When you address the customer’s values, they will differentiate you from your competition and be less bogged down by the costs associated with purchases.Use Proper Language When Speaking With ProspectsBy carefully using personalized language for each different customer, the number of quality leads can be enhanced. Ideas need to be put forward to the client concisely in words and terminology that is und erstood by the client and appeals to them. They need to clearly understand what is being offered and how this can be crucial for business. If the language used in customer communication needs to go beyond the sales pitch and speak to the customer’s unsaid and unmet needs and their deep seated corporate values. This will also help downplay the anticipated effects of the potential change on the client.Target at Each Level of Your FunnelIt is a natural tendency for sales people to lose focus and begin targeting customers for quantity rather the higher value brought by a smaller number of relevant clients. By pointed targeting at each level of the funnel, leads with low potential can be moved out right at the beginning. By effective targeting at the bottom of the funnel possible clients can be converted into definite sales. The end result is a funnel that channels promising leads to the bottom and is not overflowing with relevant and irrelevant possibilitiesEffectively Manage Your Sal es ForceThrough simple means like proper training programs, effective reward systems and motivation techniques, a sales team driving the sales funnel can boost sales performance and ensure customer satisfaction. A team that can sell optimally is crucial to the very concept of the sales funnel. In general the sales team should endeavor to gain knowledge about changing market trends, new sales concepts and methods, innovations in products, changes in company policies and processes as well as how to adapt to any major or minor developments, both within their own organization and their clients,Actively Monitor Your Sales FunnelAs important as it is to target all levels of the funnel it is also imperative to keep a close eye on any potential threats or hitches that may clog the funnel to identify improvement areas. Instead of waiting for a total system failure, if small issues are identified and addressed in a timely fashion the improvement process is greatly helped. One way to approach this is to use brief surveys for customer insight into potential problematic areas.Make the Most of ProspectingApproaching the right prospective clients is where the funnel begins and by identifying a complete profile for a desirable client, the sales teams have a great referral point to go back to when consulting with varies potential customers. Both traditional and newer techniques can be used to approach including cold calling potential prospects, internal referrals for credibility, advertising, conferences and seminars, email, social media and websites.Ensure Proper Sales Team Hiring and TrainingIt is imperative to hire the right people into the sales team. Just like an ideal client profile, there should be an ideal salesperson profile and this should be used to hire people with the drive mix of drive, ambition, experience and ability to function as part of a sales team. Once hired, identify the most beneficial training programs to ensure that sales people from various backgroun ds and levels of experience are brought up to par with each other wherever possible.Optimize Research, Preparation and Presentation SkillsWorth mentioning separately is a dedicated focus on certain areas within sales training sessions. Effective research, adequate preparation and exceptional presentation skills are all vital to a successful sales team. Through proper research, the salesperson can get to know the client and what drives them. They can learn what values are important to a client and can target proposals accordingly. Proper preparation for sales calls based on data gathered in preliminary research allows the sales team to be ready for any turn a client conversation takes. A successful conversation and sales pitch is only possible with the help of excellent presentation skills. Confidence, knowledge and an articulate manner of speaking portray the sales teams passion for their product and in turn increases the prospective client’s confidence in the product being sold t o them.MISTAKES MADE IN SALES FUNNEL MANAGEMENT A sales funnel is an inverted pyramid that draws potential customers through a company’s sales process. As the name indicates, it is wide at the top because customers with all level of engagement enter and eventually the strongest leads are channeled to the bottom to be turned into successful sales. © Shutterstock.com | Alex OakenmanIn this article, we look at: 1) the composition of a sales funnel, 2) the importance of qualifying sales leads, 3) benefits of a sales funnel, 3) effective sales funnel management, 4) how to build the perfect sales funnel, and 5) mistakes made in sales funnel management.COMPOSITION OF A SALES FUNNELThe sales funnel can be generally divided into three simple sections. © Entrepreneurial InsightsTop of the funnelEveryone enters here, possibly as a result of the interest generated in your product through an effective marketing or promotions strategy. The top of the funnel is the widest because no filter mechanism is at play and there is encouragement for everyone to explore.Middle of the funnelAt this stage a customer has taken a step beyond just going through basic information regarding your product. This minor initial commitment tags them as a sales lead. It means that something about your offering moved them beyond just observing to actual action alb eit a minor gesture. This does not mean that they business value however. That will be assessed based on their level of engagement or attractiveness. This is a tricky stage because there is access to a wide variety of expressions of interest and identifying potential sales correctly can make the difference between successful sales and wasted efforts.Bottom of the funnelA potential client (sales lead) at this stage is someone who is qualified and ready to make a purchase. This assessment is based on their degree of interest based on observing how they behave. If they have made repeated inquiries, shown repeated expressions of interest etc., then they become an opportunity. A client at this stage is ready for a proposal or personalized pitch to allow them to formally commit to your product.IMPORTANCE OF QUALIFYING SALES LEADSMarketing qualified leads are those entrants into the funnel who have the engagement or attractiveness to merit focus on them as potential successful sales. These are identified somewhere in the middle of the funnel and this identification is extremely important. The sales team needs to figure out whether an attractive client is more important to qualify or if an engaged one is. Attractiveness is a relatively constant measure (revenues, industry type, number of employees etc) and it is what flags a prospect as a person of interest for the business. Engagement is a more dynamic quality which can change frequently and signifies whether a prospect is ready to buy.When a marketing qualified lead rates high on both attractiveness and engagement, they become a Sales Qualified Lead. These prospects show the most signs of being turned into a successful sale and are therefore worth a concentrated effort to pursue. At this point, most effort should, if a SQL is attractive and engaged than they should be pursued fully. Efforts should be scaled back for those leads which are less attractive even if they are engaged and more effort assigned to those who remain attractive even if they rate low on engagement.BENEFITS OF A SALES FUNNELThere are several benefits to use a sales funnel:It helps focus attention on the customers most likely to purchase the product.No business wants to spend time trying to turn every single person into a sale.Instead of wasting time on those people who are not actually interested, the sales teams can target their efforts.It also helps add some predictability to the sales process which is otherwise very variable.A customer that has reached the bottom is most likely to be engaged enough to be turned into a successful sale.EFFECTIVE SALES FUNNEL MANAGEMENTSuccessful sales are characterized by identifying potential leads that will convert to purchasing customers. Because of the extremely large number of people showing initial interest and the relatively smaller number of people actually looking to buy, it is a difficult process to correctly identify and focus your efforts on the right people.This is where an ef ficiently managed and effectively created sales funnel acts as a filter. When it flows smoothly, a sales funnel can offer tremendous benefits to the business. Conversely, if the funnel becomes needlessly complicated, it can actually become a hindrance to the process and slow things down. It therefore remains imperative to ensure that the sales funnel is long enough to act as an effective filter, but not so long that it becomes too complex and starts leaking prospects from the side.An ideal funnel will smoothly channel prospective leads downwards while horizontally removing the rest to avoid clogging the entire passage.Among other things, a sales funnel can be kept relevant through the following activities.Remove roadblocksIt is vital to ensure that no leads move horizontally within the funnel. Instead, they should be able to move relatively smoothly downwards, with only the occasional pause to address concerns and gather more information. If it is taking too long to convert leads in to sales, then the funnel and the processes built into it need to be carefully evaluated to eliminate any unnecessary steps. By asking pointed questions as to why the delays occur, you can identify if it is a problem outside the funnel such as access to decision makers or a fault in the marketing communications. But more often than not, it will also lead to an identification of redundant process steps within the channel as well.It is important to note that steps should not be removed just for the sake of simplification. If an intelligent process study is not undertaken, it will result in incomplete or missing steps that may result in a loss of leads. Any steps that add no value or require additional actions that are not necessary should be targeted for removal only.Target qualified leadsThere are many instances where those responsible for the top of the funnel pass of all leads to the sales teams rather than properly qualifying them. This is a key mistake as a majority of those lead s will never turn into sales. By having them all in a pool to target, the sales team will end up spending vital time, effort and resources into targeting someone who will never turn into a successful sale. Instead, owners of the top and middle parts of the funnel should be trained to properly identify only those leads that can be turned into sales, whether now or at a later time. Since not all leads require the same information and support, a smaller pool of leads will allow the sales team to offer diversified products and services to meet many different requirements.Use a CRMA simple but effective Customer Relationship Management application will supplement the funnel and allow the sales team to keep a track of different customers and their specific requirements. It can also help automate and simplify certain processes and make the funnel function even more smoothly. But it is key here to choose a system that is simple and does not add further complexity to the process.HOW TO BUILD THE PERFECT SALES FUNNELCreating the perfect sales funnel for your business is not a daunting task provided you understand the basics of a sales funnel, your own sales team and their performance and buying behavior and motivations of your customer. The following steps can be used to create and sustain an effective high performing sales funnel.Use Value-Selling and the Buyer’s PerspectiveThe hallmark of a successful funnel is that the company knows and understands its customer and their motivations. What are the target company’s core values and belief systems and what do they value the most for their business. It is this understanding of the buyer’s perspective that can ensure more successful sales than a more need oriented approach. This insight into the customer can be achieved through some basic research, initial conversations as well as available market studies and trends. When you address the customer’s values, they will differentiate you from your competition and be le ss bogged down by the costs associated with purchases.Use Proper Language When Speaking With ProspectsBy carefully using personalized language for each different customer, the number of quality leads can be enhanced. Ideas need to be put forward to the client concisely in words and terminology that is understood by the client and appeals to them. They need to clearly understand what is being offered and how this can be crucial for business. If the language used in customer communication needs to go beyond the sales pitch and speak to the customer’s unsaid and unmet needs and their deep seated corporate values. This will also help downplay the anticipated effects of the potential change on the client.Target at Each Level of Your FunnelIt is a natural tendency for sales people to lose focus and begin targeting customers for quantity rather the higher value brought by a smaller number of relevant clients. By pointed targeting at each level of the funnel, leads with low potential can be moved out right at the beginning. By effective targeting at the bottom of the funnel possible clients can be converted into definite sales. The end result is a funnel that channels promising leads to the bottom and is not overflowing with relevant and irrelevant possibilitiesEffectively Manage Your Sales ForceThrough simple means like proper training programs, effective reward systems and motivation techniques, a sales team driving the sales funnel can boost sales performance and ensure customer satisfaction. A team that can sell optimally is crucial to the very concept of the sales funnel. In general the sales team should endeavor to gain knowledge about changing market trends, new sales concepts and methods, innovations in products, changes in company policies and processes as well as how to adapt to any major or minor developments, both within their own organization and their clients,Actively Monitor Your Sales FunnelAs important as it is to target all levels of the funnel it is also imperative to keep a close eye on any potential threats or hitches that may clog the funnel to identify improvement areas. Instead of waiting for a total system failure, if small issues are identified and addressed in a timely fashion the improvement process is greatly helped. One way to approach this is to use brief surveys for customer insight into potential problematic areas.Make the Most of ProspectingApproaching the right prospective clients is where the funnel begins and by identifying a complete profile for a desirable client, the sales teams have a great referral point to go back to when consulting with varies potential customers. Both traditional and newer techniques can be used to approach including cold calling potential prospects, internal referrals for credibility, advertising, conferences and seminars, email, social media and websites.Ensure Proper Sales Team Hiring and TrainingIt is imperative to hire the right people into the sales team. Just like an ideal cl ient profile, there should be an ideal salesperson profile and this should be used to hire people with the drive mix of drive, ambition, experience and ability to function as part of a sales team. Once hired, identify the most beneficial training programs to ensure that sales people from various backgrounds and levels of experience are brought up to par with each other wherever possible.Optimize Research, Preparation and Presentation SkillsWorth mentioning separately is a dedicated focus on certain areas within sales training sessions. Effective research, adequate preparation and exceptional presentation skills are all vital to a successful sales team. Through proper research, the salesperson can get to know the client and what drives them. They can learn what values are important to a client and can target proposals accordingly. Proper preparation for sales calls based on data gathered in preliminary research allows the sales team to be ready for any turn a client conversation take s. A successful conversation and sales pitch is only possible with the help of excellent presentation skills. Confidence, knowledge and an articulate manner of speaking portray the sales teams passion for their product and in turn increases the prospective client’s confidence in the product being sold to them.MISTAKES MADE IN SALES FUNNEL MANAGEMENTDespite preparation and focus, many sales funnels can go in the wrong direction. Below are some of the common mistakes that can make the difference between success and failure.Not balancing lead generation and lead managementDo not constantly attempt to work on generating leads to add more traffic into the funnel. It is not enough to just create a lot of leads. Instead, it is equally important, if not more to work on managing these leads through ranking, sorting, nurturing and following up on them. Sales results can improve drastically by focusing on the existing leads that show the most potential than on increasing their quantityNot fo cusing on the sales processDo not lose focus of the sales process by diverting attention to expensive or overly complicated CRM applications. CRM is a means to supplement sales strategy and action plans by providing a platform to automate where needed and organize customer data to allow customizability. A CRM application can allow you to identify problem areas but cannot be relied on to fix these.No sales trainingDo not get complacent when it comes to constant learning and training. These exercises are not just for those new to the sales game. Instead, all levels of the sales team no matter their level of experience need periodic refreshers to allow them to stay abreast of the latest techniques and to learn by sharing knowledge and experiences with others.Not measuring each stage of the funnelDo not just focus on the end result and measure that as a success or failure. Instead, focus on the outcome at each stage within the funnel. Perhaps every move was done right in an instance whe re a sale did not end up happening. Perhaps all the wrong moves were made but a sale happened anyway. Each stage needs to be measured and assessed to understand it’s efficacy within the process as well as to ensure that the sales team is following protocol as it should.Here is a video by PipeDrive that will help you further understand sales funnel management:

The Hero Of Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 2190 Words

What is a hero? From Batman to Wonder Woman; from Mother Theresa to Ghandi; from Malala Yousafzai to Nick Vujicic; even the protagonist of Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo, is portrayed by Chinua Achebe as a hero in his own right. For centuries and across many civilisations, we have revered people dead, alive and fictional alike. Yet if we were to compare every definition of a hero, few would explicitly match. To define – or even simply list – every archetype within the genre of a hero is an almost impossible task as the extensive interpretations and variations span across time and culture. Despite this variation, Okonkwo from Things Fall Apart depicts the traits of hero. From a literary perspective, he is explicitly tragic hero, particularly as defined by Aristotle. A tragic hero can be defined as a [great] man who is not eminently good and just, whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty. This further consists of five major trai ts: hamartia (a tragic flaw); peripeteia (a reversal of fate); anagnorisis (enlightenment from ignorance); catharsis (purification or purging); and pathos. Overall, Okonkwo characterises a classic tragic hero, and Achebe achieves this through three major aspects of his characterisation: father-son relationship, an imbalanced character and structured downfall. A primary motive behind Okonkwo’s actions was his father. In the first chapter, Achebe utilises descriptive labels to present Unoka in a negativeShow MoreRelatedOkonkwo as Tragic Hero in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe1140 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most commonly asked questions about the novel Things Fall Apart is: why did Achebe choose a tragic hero, Okonkwo, as the main character in the story. According to Nnoromele, â€Å"A hero, in the Igbo cultural belief system, is one with great courage and strength to work against destabilizing forces of his community, someone who affects, in a special way, the destin ies of others by pursuing his own. He is a man noted for special achievements. His life is defined by ambivalence, because his actionsRead MoreAn Alternative Hero : Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart948 Words   |  4 PagesJeremy Pilz Mrs. Cloud Things Fall Apart Essay 27 March 2017 An Alternative Hero An archetype in literature expresses â€Å"a realm of human experience in many myths and fantasy stories† that can go deeper than â€Å"any rational or intellectual thinking† (Gillespie). The archetype of the monomyth, or â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† first originated from a mythological researcher named Joseph Campbell. The monomyth consists of â€Å"several basic stages that almost every hero-quest goes through, no matter what culture theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1522 Words   |  7 Pagestragic hero â€Å"as a person of noble or high status who displays a tragic flaw hamartia, and experiences a dramatic reversal peripateia. In addition, his downfall is often preceded by self-realization†. In Things Fall Apart, the author uses Okonkwo, to illustrate the downfall of pre-colonial Ibo society. In the beginning, Okonkwo was destined for greatness. He was strong, economically stable, and had a huge influence over the v illage’s affairs. One may say that he was the perfect man to be the hero ofRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1375 Words   |  6 Pages A tragic hero is a character that is both protagonist and antagonist, throughout the action they make as a person. According to Aristotle s definition of tragic hero, he explains a tragic hero as a character that has noble stature and greatness. The character must have high status position, but also have nobility and virtue. In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo the fierce warrior who is well known in his tribe Umuofia, connects to a tragic hero. Even though Okonkwo does notRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1453 Words   |  6 PagesIs a tragic hero really that tragic? A tragic hero is a person who is a character that makes the wrong decisions which cause the character destruction. The definition of a tragic hero is terrible because of how a hero ends up being in a downfall. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero is a character of noble stature and has greatness. The character must have high status position, but must also have nobilit y and virtue. In the book, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo, the great warrior whoRead MoreA Study on the Author, Chinua Achebe 1467 Words   |  6 Pages A STUDY OF THE AUTHOR, CHINUA ACHEBE Chinua Achebe was born unto a Nigerian parents in Nigeria on November 16, 1930. He was from a family that born six kids; he being the fifth among them. Chinua Achebe’s parents were Isaiah Okafor Achebe and Janet Achebe. He begin an English at eight in Ogidi, Nigeria. Encouraged by his father, he was excited to learned English quickly. His father Isaiah Achebe was one of the first that converted from their religion to Christianity and he also foundedRead MoreThe Tale of Two Limit Exceeding Men Who Fell Short of Personal Goals1000 Words   |  4 Pagessubject. In the beginning of the hero cycle, reverent tone is used many times, however, as the character progresses through the book, they begin to show their flaw, which, many times is revealed by the changing tones the author uses. In the conclusion of the story, they accept defeat with honor after discovering their flaw. Changing tones used by both Chinua Achebe in his book, Things Fall Apart, and William Shakespeare in his playwright, Othello, progress the tragic hero cycle of Okonkwo and OthelloRead MoreAnalysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1579 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebes 1958 novel Things Fall Apart marked a significant turning point not only for literature, but the world, because the novel is an attempt to blend the conflicting identities and ideologies of Africa in the wake of colonization. The novel depicts the destructive tension that arises between the traditions of the Igbo people and white colonizers, but, perhaps contrary to the readers expectation, it does not present either side as holding the ethical high ground. Rather, the novel suggestsRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pages In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has receivedRead MoreWork1068 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Things Fall Apart: Character Analysis Research Paper In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character Okonkwo has only one tragic flaw; he has raised himself so that looking weak or effeminate is the worst thing to him that he could do. Okonkwo is a model clansman based on his success. However, he is more alienated from his culture based on his lack of respect for it. In this research paper, I’ll walk through a character analysis of Okonkwo. The protagonist of Things Fall

Statement of Purpose Essay - 657 Words

Ever since I could remember there has always been an inclination towards science. The desire to understand how things worked has always intrigued me. Set on the inclination I always explored the basic application of science i.e. building a lemon battery to designing a simple pulley lift at science fairs at school. Thus making Production Engineering a good option. It provides a strong engineering foundation and also educates on the management of an industry. This is the very reason I was able to decide that I wanted a career in this field. With my mother being a teacher the values of education have been inculcated into me from a very young age. I was always given a freedom to choose my career. With the existing inclination towards†¦show more content†¦I am also a member of I.S.M.E (Indian Society for Mechanical Engineers) which organized various technical seminars on latest developments of technology in the manufacturing world. The society also caters to facilitating experien ced personnel from the industry sharing their insight of the industry. I am currently working at Karamtara Engineering Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai. I am working with the Supply chain and Sales department which handle management of clients and materials of the ongoing projects. I have been actively working in the logistics and sales for different clients and transportation sectors of the department. I have undergone six month in-plant training at Larsen and Toubro (LT) Ltd. at Powai, Mumbai. I worked on the Shop floor in the Electrical and Automation Integrated Group which manufacture Air Circuit Breakers. An internship in a company of this scale has given me an understanding on how the industry works and that every detail contributes to ensure that the company works like a well oiled machine. As my project, I worked on increasing First Time Yield of the shop floor by utilizing Six Sigma methodology. I succeeded in reducing defects from a considerable amount of 10.6% to 0.7% resulting in consid erable savings. I also worked on Value engineering of Air Circuit Breaker and made alterations in the process of manufacturing with projected savings of 28%. I would to be a part of the Husky culture and take thisShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose1126 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Purpose Many professors, department websites, applications, and current graduate students will tell you that the statement of purpose is the most important part of the application. While the statement of purpose is the best way for the admissions committee to gauge your writing skills, it is quite different from the college admissions essay, or the law school personal statement. Admissions committees will not be looking for the most well-written essay with the catchiest introductionRead MoreThe Field Of Journalism And Education1320 Words   |  6 Pagesare minimal. The differences are noted in The School of Journalism and Media Studies, PAO Program Admissions section. The differences include: SDSU requires applicants to submit statement regarding what the individual’s research interest and goals are, and that applicants must also include a general statement of purpose, which details why the applicant wishes to attend the graduate program at SDSU (Weiss). An additional difference is t hat SDSU requires a minimal score of a 150 on the Graduate RecordRead MoreThe Core Elements Of My Research Topic, African American Males On Higher Education1436 Words   |  6 Pagesmy first memo, I focused on the core elements of my research topic, African-American males in higher education. Since our last meeting, I have taken time to reflect on your suggestions, and think about how to revamp my research questions and purpose statement. Most important, I have taken time to do self-reflection. Self-Reflection ï » ¿In a somewhat different approach to my first memo, I started this memo with my reflective thoughts. I took this approach because it lends to the process of discoveryRead MoreStatement of Purpose1069 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE â€Å"A dream acted upon by confidence becomes an ambition and that when followed with determination defines the purpose of existence in its entirety† It is with a sincere sense of gratitude towards the opportunity given to me, I pen down this statement. Education not only expands the horizons of one s knowledge but also simultaneously implants an insatiable desire to acquire more and more knowledge. Knowledge is that which can enhance the strength of mind and therebyRead MoreStatement of Purpose996 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE The unprecedented explosion of corporations and financial services industry has brought about immense opportunities to utilize newer principles, methodologies, tools and practices in the field of finance. It is this challenging field in which I would like to gain expertise. ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Since school days, I have always been regarded as an academically brilliant, having been awarded scholar badge and merit certificate throughout my school and university education.Read MoreStatement of Purpose804 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of purpose â€Å"Everything comes to us that belongs to us if we create the capacity to receive it.† Rabindranath Tagore. I’ve always believed that the answer to my destiny lies in creating the results that I desire. Success is never an accident, but is always by design. I believe perseverance, drive, passion and strength of character create the right formula for success. I schooled at one of Asia’s premier institutes, Mayo College Girls School. I was thrilled to discover myself here –Read MoreStatement of Purpose962 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR MS APPLIED STATISTICS. Right from childhood, I was fond of mathematics and how it had the ability to convey a lot of information with so little illustrations. This, together with my consistent good performance in mathematics throughout high school, was responsible for the nurturing of a special interest in it. This childhood zeal in the subject gradually crystallized into a more mature form as I stepped into higher studies. The most significant influence on myRead MoreStatement of Purpose1694 Words   |  7 PagesStatement of Purpose Name : Sphoorti Sangamesh Biradar Program Applied : Masters (MS) Major : Sports Management About me: I am very thankful for providing me this opportunity and it is with sincere sense of gratification that I pen down my brief statement of purpose before you. I am Sphoorti Sangamesh Biradar, 21 years old. I am studying B. Computer Science engineering final year in the reputed university Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) at college Sir.M.Visvesvaraya InstituteRead MoreStatement of Purpose588 Words   |  3 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE NAME : jinson.j.erinjeri Applying for M.S. IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Firstly I would like to introduce myself as an undergraduate student of the bachelor of engineering program From the M.S.Ramaiah institute of technology, one of the most prestigious institutions of the Bangalore U university . I have completed my course of engineering in the field of Industrial Engineering’, which was for a period of four years. I graduated in the first class with distinctionRead MoreSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿STATEMENT OF PURPOSE â€Å"Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.† As I move towards a point where my undergraduate programme is about to end, and I sit down to define the course of my career, I felt a strong desire to pursue a career that combined IT with management skills. I believe MBA is a platform to cultivate diverse managerial skill sets, generate ideas with structured thoughts and capability of assuming higher

The Decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire Free Essays

The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two of the most powerful entities to rule their respective parts of the world. The Han Dynasty dominated Asia from the Korean peninsula to present day Vietnam for more than four hundred years. The Roman Empire stretched from the present British Isles to present day Iraq, and lasted nearly five hundred years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Eastern Roman Empire went on to last another one thousand years. Both the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire enjoyed times of immense prosperity during their golden years. They both ended in chaos. How were their declines similar?Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire, brought order to the vast lands Rome had conquered and brought an end to over one hundred years of civil war. He disbanded the large armies that had been recruited during the civil war and consolidated his power. The people welcomed the new dictator, and enjoyed peace and prosperity. With peace came increased trade and commerce, and ideas traveled freely along the Roman Empire’s well designed roads. However, the emperors after Augustus were not as politically gifted as Augustus. Four emperors and fifty-four years later, the Roman Empire was once again thrown into a violent civil war.After four coups in a single year, another line of emperors emerged. The line started by Vespasian was also a stable time. The Roman Empire reached its largest size during this time, and many historians consider those years the golden age of Rome. Inevitably, out of such a successful line of emperors, there would eventually emerge a bad apple. The emperor Commodus threw himself into immoral and violent practices, and gave no respect to any of the leaders. He was assassinated in 192 A. D. , bringing an end to one century of stability. This date marked the beginning of the end.The Romans gradually lost power, and barbarian people in the north frequently went on raids against the now disintegrating empire. The Roman Empire became steeped in debt as emperors tried desperately to buy the loyalty of the army, and the moral condition of its subjects continued to spiral downward. Christians were persecuted, and large, bloodthirsty crowds would in arenas to cheer as various people died violent deaths. Rome steadily lost control of the frontiers, and roads and bridges were not maintained, leading to a breakdown in trade and communication.Riots and revolts became commonplace in Rome itself. The civil war affected the lives of all the citizens. As the government fell deeper into debt, it raised taxes. The armies of different generals seized any supplies they needed from local people. Food became a precious commodity, and for the first time in centuries, large numbers of people went hungry. Ultimately, the emperor Diocletian restored a semblance of order during his reign from 284 to 305. He recognized the fact that one man could not keep all the armies loyal to him, and could not coordinate a defense against the barbarians.This led to the division of the Roman Empire into eastern and western portions. Constantine briefly united the Eastern and Western empires in the 320’s and established new capital Constantinople in present day Turkey, but his son Theodosius I was the last emperor of the united Roman Empire. When he died in 395, he divided the eastern and western portion between his two sons. The western emperors became weaker and weaker, and tribes of barbarians roamed freely. In 476, the Western Roman Empire officially ended. Most of the common people’s lives were unaffected by this. Local governments remained much the same.The Eastern Roman Empire continued to prosper until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Ottomans. Long before the Roman Empire had been united under one man, an empire in the East was thriving. The Han Dynasty was established by a former policeman. After the collapse of the Qin Dynasty, the first to unite China, a period of anarchy ensued. Liu Bang, the son of peasants, raised an army and conquered his foremost rival in 202 B. C. He continued to war against other rivals and former allies until he consolidated his power. He pacified the nomadic Xiongnu by offering them tribute.He was popular among the peasants, who had been oppressed and overworked under the Qin Dynasty. Lowered taxes, less demands for labor from the state, and his own humble origins made him well-liked. He carefully appointed loyal officials and administrators, making sure that the power remained with him. Harboring a deep distrust of merchants, he put rich landowners in positions of power. At his death in 195 B. C. , he had left a stable and prospering kingdom in the hands of his family. Power struggles occurred in the royal family, but the dynasty produced capable rulers.The reigns of Wendi, Jingdi, and Wudi were marked by peace, prosperity, a better life for peasants, expansion of China’s lands, art, and trade. Confucianism became the official state philosophy. Under Wudi, China conquered many lands, expanding their power and influence. The Han Dynasty now controlled northern Vietnam and the Korean Peninsula, and the Xiongnu were pushed back. Wudi sent explorers toward Central Asia, eventually opening up the famous trade route known as the Silk Road. Buddhism was introduced from India. However, the wars and large armies put an enormous burden on the economy.The land became overpopulated, and thousands were forced into banditry or even selling their children as slaves. Government officials became increasingly corrupt. Confucian moralists decried these events, but little was changed. Toward the end of Wudi’s reign, violence erupted between the empress and Wudi’s concubine over the heir to the throne. Eventually, a compromise ruler was chosen, but the decline of the Han Dynasty had already begun. Later emperors were incompetent, and their reigns were marked by corruption, immorality, and apathy.Some Confucian scholars declared that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven, a belief that rulers were appointed by Heaven. Wang Mang was a Confucian who was appointed regent of the child emperor Ruzi. The outsider seized power in 9 A. D. , and attempted to implement sweeping reforms that damaged the already feeble economy. Though most Confucians had looked to him as the father of a new dynasty, economic and natural disasters caused a massive food shortage. The peasants rebelled, and Wang Mang’s attempted usurpation died with him in 23 A. D.Millions died in the resulting war for power, but a Han prince named Liu Xui emerged victorious. Though the Han Dynasty had been reestablished, it never reached the heights of its first years. Trade increased to new levels, and the first Nestorian Christians arrived, but corruption continued, and few reforms were made. Gradually, court officials and warlords gained more and more power, and the Taoist religion, which preached equal rights and land redistribution began to take hold among the peasants. The Han Dynasty’s later years were filled with internal conflict, as court officials battled with the emperor and the Taoists.During this time, nomads in the north and near the Korean Peninsula destroyed the Chinese settlements as civil war rocked the Han. In the end, the emperors lost most of their power, and China split into various warring factions that were eventually transformed into three new kingdoms. The Han Dynasty’s glorious reign formally came to an end in 220 A. D. Both the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were powerful and impressive. They both fell because of weak leaders and power hungry individuals. The Han practice of concubinage led to much violence and strife in the royal family, causing disunity and internal conflict.Regents often attempted to seize power. Love of money led to the precarious situations of Rome’s later emperors, as soldiers demanded gold for loyalty. In both empires, corruption of government contributed to the bitterness of the common people. All of these things arise from the selfishness in the human heart. In James 3:16, we see the unavoidable consequences of selfish gain. â€Å"For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. † Man’s desire for power over himself and over others has led to much suffering. These two empires could not escape the corruption of human nature. How to cite The Decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire, Papers

Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry

Introduction He is among the greatest icons in the reggae music industry. Born in South Africa on 3rd August 1964, Lucky Dube was destined for greater things in the music industry. His interest in world history and that of his native country, accompanied by his Rastafarian roots and religion played a pivotal role in his desire to express relevant issues through his music.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, he launched his music career in 1974 as a member of various bands before he decided to go solo in 1982. Among his songs was â€Å"different colors-one people† which touched the lives of his many fans worldwide. Song overview The song is in the album titled â€Å"Victims† which was released in 1993. The lyrics to this song were originally written by lucky Dube, and the song recorded at Downtown studios i n South Africa. It fits the composers singing style in regards to the instruments, pace, genre and message. The composer tries to unite people of different races through the lyrics of this song. He asserts that in as much as we have different skin colors, we are one people. He reinforces his claim by quoting the bible where God created man in his own image irrespective of their races. He urges the governments and politicians not to separate the people depending on their race. As regarding to the song itself, Lucky Dube uses back up singers to reinforce his main point throughout the song. The alternation between him and the back up singers is common in his songs and plays a vital role in ensuring that the audience understands the message (short lines that are easy to cram). Song analysis The song is written and produced in accordance to the reggae music format. The lyrics and choice of instruments used in the song gives it a somber mood clearly reflecting on the sadness that the issu es being raised project. The theme of this song is unity. Through the lyrics, the composer effectively conveys his message about racial discrimination and recommends that people shun this unbecoming habit. The lyrics are carefully selected to ensure that they can be easily understood by the audience without malice. In regards to the structure, the lyrics are written in continuous prose from the first verse to the last.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It seems like a story. What makes the structure hard to analyze is the fact that the lyrics actually reflects on the thoughts of the composer. The words used in the song generate mixed feelings in the audience and the meaning may differ from one person to another. The only option that the audience is left with after listening to this song are either to understand and relate to the situations expressed in the song or to just listen to the music and embrace the feelings that it generates within our hearts. The form taken by the song consists of three short verses which Lucky Dube sings alone and a repetitive chorus which is sang in collaboration with the instrumentalists and the back up singers. The form which is taken by this song is a common style used by lucky Dube and other reggae music artists who sing Roots. According to Routledge, Lucky Dube is known by many of his fans as a global ambassador for peace, equality and justice (497). In all his lyrics, he managed to bring out critical and controversial issues that affected people around the world. This song was no different and the album sold millions of copies worldwide showing the impact that his songs had on humanity. In relations to the instruments, the CDuniverse website reports that the personnel used in the recording of this song included Lucky Dube who composed the lyrics, Alistair Coakley who was in charge of the guitar and Vuli Yeni playing the saxo phone. In addition to this, other instruments used included the bass guitar, trombone, keyboards, drums, the trumpet and percussion. According to the website (cduniverse), Ross Anderson a famous music programmer in South Africa was in charge of the programming processes while the background vocals were done by Marilyn Nokwe and Victor Masondo among others. Each instrument used in the song played an important role towards the presentation, synchronization and unification of the whole set. Being a reggae song, the Bass guitar is consistent throughout the whole song as is expected in the songs that fall under this genre. The percussions in this song are used to give it an African decent and they alternate with the trombone which gives the song a serene pace. The drum set act as a general pacemaker for the whole song. The drums in this song are used to compliment the piano which also plays a role in setting the rhythm. In the chorus, I noticed that the pitch of the song raised and this was complimented by the piano. During this part the piano can clearly be heard and it has more melody. At the same time, the bass guitar and the trombone become more vivid as they work together to maintain the tone and rhythm of the song. During the verses, the percussions alternate with the lead guitar and the drum rolls.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bass guitar during the verses can only be heard in the background. This gives the verses an empty sound further depicting the desperation portrayed by the lyrics. The keyboard and the guitars in this song are effective in bringing out the clarity in the tune of the song and to unify the voice patterns used by the singers. On the same note, the trumpet is used to highlight the chorus giving it a different tonal variation and creating a sense of drama and climax. In regards to the mixing and the mastering of the song, I noticed that during the introduction and the bridge, the drums are effectively panned giving the song a surround effect. In addition to this, the pitch of the singers tends to rise during these parts of the song while the instruments gradually sink into the background. Also, the voice of the lead singer has been amplified throughout the song ensuring that the audience concentrates on the message as opposed to the beats. Conclusion The various aspects pertaining to this song have been discussed and analyzed. Evidently, it is a great work worth appreciation. The reason behind choosing this song was because Lucky Dube was a great reggae artist whose songs and lyrics clearly reflected on his personality. In addition to this, the song talks about a contemporary issue which affected and still affects the lives of millions of people globally. As such, his lyrics have played a pivotal role towards the understanding of human suffering and the need for unity in the world. He stands as a great example to the fact that one man can indeed make a difference. His core legacy to make a better world for us and the future generations should be embraced by all. Works Cited Cduniverse. â€Å"Victims CD†. Cduniverse.com. 2010. Web. https://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=1016579 Routledge. â€Å"International Who’s Who in Popular Music.† 8th ed. USA: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Print. This essay on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry was written and submitted by user Adalyn I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essays

A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essays A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essay A Study On Immigration Case Study Social Policy Essay Essay Using the really big fluctuation in the influx of in-migration across the provinces of US and other states states we examine the force of in-migration employment, mean on the job hours, money growing and one most of import, the entire factors efficiency. At the same clip we find dramatic cogent evidence that the entire factors of increased productiveness. These are some of the really robust grounds of commanding for many other determiners of efficiency that may change with topography such as R A ; D outgo, computing machine execution, international competition in the signifier of sectors composing and exports. Therefore many consequences suggest that in-migration promotes efficiency undertaking specialisation and at the same clip promotes the adaptation of amateurish-based engineering as the technological alteration would calculate. ( Peri, November 2009 ) In what ways can immigration assist economic system? Immigration does non botch the Economy nor does any Government lose their money because of immigrants. After all the people of the state makes more money. The common thought that money base on ballss from authorities to company to clients and back once more, if a minor sum of money is moved from industries to clients so at the same clip a larger sum of money is retained. Immigrants, if accepted as general populace, are entitled to benefits. Thus these people are run outing over 2 billion dollars from benefits each twelvemonth. However, one time these people get familiar to our ways of life, so they can go really helpful members of society. A basic world about our economic system is that every bit long as we infuse more supplies and services than we have, the more figure of occupations which is about illimitable. In world, when the figure of workers additions, the more the figure of occupations we create. Thus the entire figure of services and the mass of the labour power has been tracked each other so moderately closely for 50 old ages despite dramatic alterations in in-migration flows. It s a recognized fact that many of the occupations that immigrants are taking are that occupations that Americans are non taking. But we check immigrants from taking these vacant occupations, American manufacturers and clients suffer the cost. ( Powell, Friday, January 13, 2006 ) Do you believe economic systems should welcome in-migration? Yes decidedly the economic systems should welcome in-migration. An case is the recent policies adopted by states like Spain. Suppose that if a western state were to loosen its boundary lines, therefore taking to an flood of immigrants into that state, the predicted result would be unemployment, rise in offense, societal agitation, but Spain Disagrees on these anticipations. Over a period of the last 10 old ages, Spain has taken in 1000000s of immigrants from diverse backgrounds, but still it has emerged as the best economic system in Europe. The growing norm has been 3.2 % since the last half decennary. Spain is responsible for the creative activity of 50 % of the new occupations in the Euro zone and even unemployment has fallen down. All these factors have been credited to in-migration. Immigrants start out by taking the occupations that are unwanted by the local population. The revenue enhancements that they pay lend for more than the public comfortss they use. Not merely Spain, many other states have adopted a pro-immigration base and the success they have achieved is a testimony to the fact that economic systems should welcome in-migration. Immigration besides leads to intermixing of societies, therefore supplying a gateway to the construct of â€Å"ONE WORLD† . ( Spain: immigrants Welcome, 2007 ) Mentions Giovanni Peri. ( 2009 ) . Theeffect of Immigration on productiveness: Evidence from US States. NBER Working Paper ( 15507 ) Benjamin Powell. ( 2006 ) .Get this heterosexual: Immigration helps economic system. Retrieved March 13, 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/01/16/editorial3.html Carol Matlack, Joan Tarzian. ( 2002 ) . Spain: Immigrants Welcome Retrieved March 13, 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_21/b4035066.htm

15 Top Writing Guides for Novelists

15 Top Writing Guides for Novelists 15 Top Writing Guides for Novelists 15 Top Writing Guides for Novelists By Mark Nichol There comes a time when you have to put down other people’s books and start writing your own. But if you don’t feel you’ve gotten to that point yet, or you’d just like a shot in the arm (or a more definitive blow to another part of your anatomy), explore these excellent writing workshops in print: 1. The Art of War for Writers: Fiction Writing Strategies, Tactics, and Exercises Author and writing instructor James Scott Bell mirrors the ancient strategic guide The Art of War in this 2009 book, discussing reconnaissance (preparing to write), tactics (writing advice), and strategy (how to get published) in short, sharp bursts of wisdom and example. 2. Becoming a Writer Dorothea Brande was far ahead of her time when she wrote this book in 1934. Instead of writing a nuts-and-bolts guide, she focused on the qualitative aspects: artistry, self-actualization, the role of the unconscious mind, and more. 3. Elements of Fiction Writing: Beginnings, Middles Ends Nancy Kress’s 2011 book is more suited for aspiring writers than more seasoned ones, but it is full of suggestions and techniques for hooking the reader from the first sentence and sustaining interest from scene to scene all the way through to the end. 4. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life Anne Lamott’s autobiographical writing guide from 1995 isn’t for everyone, but it’s full of honest, humorous reflections about the writing life, with frank, funny admissions that give you permission to be human, too. 5. How to Grow a Novel: The Most Common Mistakes Writers Make Longtime novelist and fiction editor Sol Stein’s 1999 guide is predicated on his belief that writers must focus not on themselves but on their readers. Despite the apparently self-aggrandizing title, his 2000 follow-up, Stein on Writing: A Master Editor of Some of the Most Successful Writers of Our Century Shares His Craft Techniques and Strategies, is also highly recommended. 6. Make a Scene: Crafting a Powerful Story One Scene at a Time Jordan Rosenfeld’s 2007 guide to constructing a great story scene by scene analyzes examples representing a wide variety of styles and types of scenes, demonstrating how the narrative arc, character development, and other elements of fiction writing are all dependent on well-constructed vignettes. 7. Novelist’s Essential Guide to Crafting Scenes Novelist and writing instructor Raymond Obstfeld, like Rosenfeld, emphasizes how skillfully crafted scenes are the heart of a successful story. This comprehensive guide from 2000 is suitable for novices and experienced writers alike. 8. On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft Though much of Stephen King’s 2000 tome is autobiographical, it also contains many useful tips for writers, from technical matters such as grammar to thoughts about character and plot. A valuable element is a section that includes a rough draft and an edited draft of one of his stories. Even if you consider King a middlebrow writer, you can’t deny that he is a master of his craft, and we should be so fortunate. 9. On Writing Well Veteran journalist, nonfiction writer, and writing instructor William Zinsser, a champion of word economy, writes, â€Å"Writing improves in direct ratio to the number of things we can keep out of it.† This book, first published in 1974 but timeless, reinforces that credo; also check out his more recent guide, Writing to Learn. 10. Self-Editing for Fiction Writers: How to Edit Yourself into Print Unlike most guides on this list, Renni Browne and Dave King’s 1993 work focuses not on the craft of writing but on the next step: editing your own work. The authors discuss dialogue, interior monologue, exposition, point of view, and other elements of story, with examples, exercises, and checklists. 11. Steering the Craft: Exercises and Discussions on Story Writing Based on a writing workshop offered by legendary science fiction author Ursula K. LeGuin, this 1998 collection of discussions and writing exercises includes such tasks as eschewing punctuation or adjectives and adverbs, or halving a story’s word count. 12. The 3 A.M. Epiphany: Uncommon Writing Exercises that Transform Your Fiction The exercises in Brian Kitely’s therapeutic 2005 book are designed to help writers overcome emotional obstacles to productivity and get out of writing ruts. 13. Word Painting: A Guide to Write More Descriptively Poet Rebecca McClanahan, in this 1999 publication, provides writing instruction and writing exercises along with excerpts and advice from greater writers to help others develop their observational skills and descriptive powers. 14. Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within In this 1986 book, Natalie Goldberg suggests taking a Zen approach to writing, expanding on the concept of free writing to suggest what she calls writing practice. Like free writing, writing practice involves unstructured, uninhibited writing exercises, but is also about self-reflection. 15. Your First Novel: A Published Author and a Top Agent Share the Keys to Achieving Your Dream Writer Ann Rittenberg and agent Laura Whitcomb team up to teach you all you need to know about the writing process and the publishing business. Their 2006 guide offers lots of useful advice about how to prepare your story even before you begin to write, and how to submit proposals, decipher submission guidelines, and more. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Assignment

The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations - Assignment Example The researcher states that Pitney Bowes believed that when the employees are healthy, there will be less time spent outside work when the employee is out there looking for health care or attending to doctor appointments. Because of this realization, it decided to increase the number of funds that are allocated for the employee healthcare management with the aim of reducing the overall overhead cost that is incurred when the employee is away from work due to health issues. At Pitney Bowes, the employee health management strategy is basically made up of four components. The first component is the heavy investment in the employee health management staff. The firm has spent a fortune in the employee management staff. The second component is the use of data to shapes its plan, benefits, and programs. The organization relies on healthcare data to be able to come up with plans, benefits, and programs which will effectively serve the intended purpose. The third component is the focus on prev entive care. Preventing the health-related issues is cheaper than curing the conditions. The firm strives to prevent the conditions before they occur. The fourth and final component of this strategy is offering choices and flexibility. This has gone a long way in ensuring the intended goals of the plans are achieved. The management at Pitney Bowes has taken an aggressive approach when it comes to health management. The main objective has been the reduction of cost while at the same time improving outcomes. Data over the years appears to show the effectiveness of the strategy that has been used by this firm. It has enabled them to reduce the cost associated with treating employees and also eliminating expenses that are incurred due to absenteeism from work. This has therefore positively added value to the firm. As indicated earlier, the health plan selection and plan design are based on four main components which are heavy investment in staff, focus on preventive care, use of data to influence design and flexibility. Pitney Bowes believes that the upfront investment in the analysis of the plan design is much more offset by the overall healthcare cost. It utilizes large health employee management staff coupled with a data-driven approach to effectively offering the required and effective health management, design plan.

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

2 - Assignment Example uence on children could not meet the case to label the photograph as "obscene", as there is partial display of genital hair and the photograph was pasted in Oncore premises, where children do not go. The most imperative reason to pursue Kathys argument and to conclude that the photographs, the art work are not obscene encompasses its social rationale. The photograph had a purpose, a motive to generate civic awareness about the safe sex with an intention to avert the cases of AIDS, one of the most dreaded and incurable diseases of the present epoch. AIDS has emerged as the leading cause of death under forty in Seattle area, hence display of safety measures cannot be considered obscene, it is also in compliance with the definition of material being obscene as per Blacks Law Dictionary. The art work is aimed at homosexual community. "Community standards" involved are those of the gay community rather than city at large. However, Oncore possess clientele of such communities but awareness is equally imperative among general community as well. Kathy pin-pointed homosexuals as they are the frequent visitors at Oncore, but if the issue is related with generating awareness about the safe sex to combat AIDS, then engendering consciousness in the mass is of greater significance. Kathy has shaped her arguments in the most logical and methodological manner by integrating the facts from basic law dictionary to the Mass Media Laws and also incorporated "Contemporary community standards" to reflect on the trustworthiness of the argument. Katy has meticulously placed each and every fact in a practical and coherent manner which are enough to gain the support of readers and audience to a greater extent. Display of obscene photograph which does not abide by the rules and norms set by the "Washington State Liquor Control Board", is again a violation of rules. The photographs were rejected on the basis of "partially exposed private parts of male anatomy". The photograph could not

Legal Regulation of Corporate Governance in the Role of Auditors Essay

INTRODUCTION In recent years, general public start to raise questions about the level of audit independence and the quality of audit information, especially after corporate collapses such as HIH, Enron and One.Tel where independent audit reports showed that the companies were making a profit, when in fact they were heavily in debt. This essay is to provide a brief overview of the current regulation of corporate governance in Australia in the role of auditors, and illustrate some gaps in the regulation with examples. In addition, a few recommendations are given accordingly for changes. 1. Legal Regulation of Corporate Governance in the Role of Auditors 1.1 CLERP 9 reforms CLERP 9 reforms largely employed the law reform recommendations in the Ramsay report to address the audit independence controversy. CLERP 9 has significantly changed the way that audit work is carried out in Australia. The most significant changes were: ï  ¬ Improving the standards of auditor regulation through changes to the powers of the Financial Reporting Council and the reconstitution of the Auditing and Assurance Standards board; ï  ¬ Imposing statutory requirements for auditor independence and audit partner rotation; and ï  ¬ Providing proportionate liability in respect of claims made against auditors. 1.2 Performing the audit There is a distinction between the lead auditor and the review auditor. The lead auditor is primarily responsible for conducting the audit, while the role of review auditor is to review the overall conduct of the audit. It is auditor’s statutory right to access the books of the entity. Company officers must provide information and explanations that the auditors required to assist with the audit and to help auditors form more accurate a... ...04) ‘Auditing Handbook’, Prentice Hall, Sydney. "Audit Independence - Independence of Australian Company Auditors." Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014 . [29] section B of the Joint Code of Professional Conduct [30] Buffini, F. (2003) ‘Andersen’s independence tested’, Australian Financial Review, 14th January, pp. 11, 12. [31] (HIH Report, Vol III, pp 89-90) [32] (HIH Report Vol III, pp91-92). [33] (O’Malley 2000, p.91) "CHAPTER 3 – EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND FRAUD." Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014 . [34] O’Malley 2000, p.94 [35] CHAPTER 3 – EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND FRAUD, http://www.slideshare.net/MRicky/chapter-3-earnings-management-and-fraud (accessed April 24, 2014).

A Tentative Study of Trademark Translation Essay

Abstract: Trademark is a special kind of language signs. It is the concentration of commodities’ distinct characteristics, the core of commodities’ culture, and the powerful weapon for an enterprise to participate in international competitions. With the development of globalization and the increase in international trade, the products of importing and exporting strengthen day by day; the translation of trademarks is gaining more and more attention. Nowadays, more and more people have realized that a good translation of a trademark in promoting sales is crucial to the development of international markets and profits making. According to some instances of trademark translation, this thesis summarizes some main characteristics of trademark, and discusses the principles and some general methods of trademark translation. Key words: Trademark; characteristics; translation principles; translation methods : , , , , , , , , , , : ; ; ; Introduction According to R. Heis, an American economist: â€Å"A brand name, i. e. trademark is a name, form, sign, design or a combination of them that tells who makes it or who sells it, distinguishing that product from those made or sold by others. † (Guo Guilong & Zhang Hongbo, 2008: 100) A trademark is just like a product’s name, which is the representative of the image of a company and the symbol of quality. In promoting sales, the trademark plays a very important role in arousing consumer’s desire to shop, bringing the huge economic benefits and even in determining the survival of a company. With China’s joining to the WTO, China strengthens cooperation with other countries, including increasingly frequent economic and trade exchanges. How to introduce our products to foreign countries, bring foreign products into the domestic markets and conduct a successful sales business has become quite important. Therefore, a successful translation of trademark becomes urgent and necessary for the enterprises. While trademark translation is not only a simple conversion from one code to another, but a clear intention of the cross-language commercial, a special cross-cultural communication activity. Thus, it is vital for us to pay more attention to the principles and methods of trademark translation. Chapter1 The Characteristics of Trademark Though there are various definitions of trademark, they share something in common. In general, a trademark should be simple and easy to remember, and should be distinctive and favorably associative. 1. 1 Simple and Easy to Remember It is a basic requirement for a trademark to be simple and easy to spell. Choosing short and simple words for composing trademarks will help consumers comprehend them more easily, because simple and short words are easy to keep in memory. Nowadays, with the fast development of economy, more and more trademarks flood into the market, how could consumers memorize all of them? Therefore, if a trademark is short and easy to spell and memorize, it can occupy the market easily. In fact, most well-known trademarks are in short form, such as Nike, Sony, Apple and so on. 1. 2 Distinctive from Similar Products We all know that the purpose of using trademarks is to distinguish one product from others. Therefore, to be distinctive is another important characteristic of a trademark. Trademarks, in a sense, are equal to signs and reputations. Distinctiveness can help customers not to be easily confused with other trademarks in the market either by sound or appearance. Distinctive and typical words may be used to distinguish the relevant product from others. â€Å"Kodak† (camera) created by the manager, is distinctive and easy for the potential consumers to memorize. The Chinese famous trademark â€Å"Lenovo†( ),can easily be differentiated from other computers, because â€Å"Lenovo†, a coined word, can be associated with the word â€Å"legend† which is particular and attractive. Lenovo is more innovative than legend. Adventurous consumers will prefer that trademark distinguishes the relevant product from other computers with consummate ease. 1. 3 Arousing Favorable Association Most trademarks can arouse favorable association, which is an indispensable feature of trademark. Owing to the requirement of marketing, a trademark is not only a sign, but also an advertisement. It should arouse the favorable association and show the good quality to consumers. Some trademarks have inherent meaning and some have historic or cultural connotations, both of which can arouse favorable associations. â€Å"LUX† (soap) is a product of Unilever Company. â€Å"LUX†, a Latin word, means â€Å"sunshine†. So the consumer can associate it with â€Å"bright sunshine and healthy skin†. This trademark even let people imagine the romantic feeling on the summer beach. What’s more, consumers can associate â€Å"LUX† with â€Å"lucks† and â€Å"luxury† from its appearance and pronunciation. Thus, Unilever Company publicizes the good quality of its products by the favorable association of the trademark. From the above example, we can see that the inherent meaning of trademarks plays an important part in advertising and can arouse people’s desirable association and let them accept the products. Chapter 2 The Principles of Trademark Translation Trademark translation is an art as well as a science. It is a comprehensive process which is related to linguistics, translation theory, intercultural communication, aesthetics, and consumer psychology. Generally speaking, trademark translation is a complex task of compromising between the meanings of trademarks and their consumers. Therefore, to translate trademarks successfully, some principles should be taken into consideration. 2. 1 Reveal the Products’ Characteristics Usually, every product has its identification. Trademark translation should show the features and functions of the products, so that the buyers could immediately think of the usage of products when they see the trademarks. As has been discussed by Xu Hui and Cheng Zhendong, the characteristic of a product means that it has some basic elements which differ from those of others (Xu Hui, 2004:55-56). The translated brand name should match with the characteristics of products and show the idea of the original name. The characteristics of products not only distinguish from others, but also contain the ability to communicate with the consumers. Thus, in the process of translation, the translator should grasp the characteristics of the products, so as to promote the understanding of products for consumers, and help learn the characteristics and functions of the products by the first sight. For example, a trademark of suit-dress â€Å"Hope Show† is translated into â€Å" †, in which the word â€Å"? † instantly reflects in the products for the apparel category, and â€Å"? † add more promotion of a happy and peaceful feeling to the goods. The translation not only reflects the features of the product but also caters to consumers’ aesthetic taste. Nobody will have interest in products which they are not acquainted. A successful trademark translation should have the trait that customers can learn the category and characteristics of the product. Like â€Å"Nike†, the famous American brand of sports wears, is the name of the goddess Victory in Greek myth. According to its pronunciation, it can be translated into â€Å" † or â€Å" † in Chinese. However, these two names can’t reveal the characteristics of the product, but even give people a misunderstanding that â€Å"Nike† is some products for women. â€Å" † is better. â€Å"? † means something durable. As the sport wear, durability is equal to good quality. â€Å"? † implies that people can finally overcome difficulties and succeed, conforming with the connotation of Victory. These two words in Chinese show the features of the product perfectly. Another example is Procter & Gamble’s antidandruff shampoo â€Å"Head & Shoulders†. The translation â€Å" † means dandruff disappears when washed, and highlights the distinct characteristics of the product fully. Another two examples are â€Å"Sportsman† (bicycle) and â€Å"Unlsports† (sports shoes). The former is translated into â€Å"†, the latter into â€Å" †. If you are not familiar with the trademarks, who will associate it with their products? 2. 2 Choose the Appropriate Words As the symbol of products, trademarks should be simple and easy to remember and understandable for consumers. So in order to leave the best impression on consumers, translators should choose some appropriate words during the process of trademark translation. The more complicated words in the translation, the weaker the trademark sounds and the less memorable it becomes. For instance, McDonald’s was transliterated into â€Å"† in mainland of China before and now is displaced by â€Å" †. Also, in mainland, the brand name â€Å"Hewlett & Packard† had a long translation of â€Å" - † for a long period. Now, the six-character version, long and meaningless, has been replaced by the two-character version â€Å" †. Balancing these two versions, we can see the latter is easier to pronounce and memorize. Moreover, â€Å" † contains more meanings and can stimulate more favorable e favorable association of the the productassociation of consumers. Similarly, â€Å"Head &Shoulder†(shampoo) was transliterated into â€Å" † before and now a more compact and meaningful version â€Å" † is popular. â€Å"Stafanel†, the brand name for apparel from US, is translated into â€Å" † now. However, what about a two-character version â€Å" †? Also in China, â€Å"Mercedes-Benz†, the brand name for a quality car from Germany, was transliterated into â€Å"  · † before and yet is put into â€Å" † at present. A car from Great Britain â€Å"Rolls Royce† is translated into â€Å" † now instead of the former transliteration â€Å"  · †. The Chinese version for â€Å"Fair Child†, a semi-conductor from the US, was â€Å" † before and now is â€Å"  Ã¢â‚¬  instead. â€Å" † is easier to be pronounced and memorized than â€Å" † for â€Å"Nescafe† from Swiss. The upper new versions have replaced the old renderings because they are simple and easy to be accepted by consumers, in pronunciation, form and meaning. Easy acceptance by consumers finally promotes the sales of the products. On the contrary, some translations sound profane or may lead to negative associations in the Chinese language. Thus such translations would not be recognized and accepted by consumers. For examples, â€Å"Psorales†, a drug, was put into â€Å" † when just coming into China. No one knew what â€Å" † was and assumed it to be something discarded. It is not hard to imagine nobody would buy things that sound worn and useless. Later, it is replaced by â€Å" †,a more vivid and meaningful version, and its sales was improved afterwards. 2. 3 Analyze the Aesthetics Features Trademark translation should comply with the characteristics of morphology of trademark in the TL. â€Å"Getting the best out of the combination of beauty in meaning, sound and form is the internal requirement if we want to realize the associated function and the advertising function of a brand name†. (Tang Zhongshun, 2002:75-77) The translated trademark accordingly must be normative, elegant, vivid and visual. Firstly, â€Å"beauty of meaning† means the translated terms should produce an artistic conception through a favorable association of words or component words so that people will have rich and nice association and arouse the expectation and pursuit of wonderful things. We have the typical examples of â€Å"Sprite† (beverage) and â€Å"Tide† (washing power). Since â€Å"Sprite† was translated into â€Å" † in Chinese, this product has prevailed in China due to the brilliant color and abundant connotation. The translated term â€Å" † in sound is not only quite close to the pronunciation of the original brand name, but also makes people have a favorable association of lustration, neatness and tidiness, showing the sort and feature of the product. Secondly, â€Å"beauty of sound† means a brand name of the original and its translated version should basically share the same or similar pronunciation with the quality of sonority, rhythmization and musicality so that an aesthetically pleasing enjoyment is gained in hearing that brand name (Zhang Quan, 2004:77-79). There are many successfully translated versions fully reflect the beauty of sounds. Take â€Å"OMO† (washing power) and â€Å"Clean&Clear† (facial cleanser) for example. As â€Å"OMO† is translated into â€Å" †,it sounds like a compliment â€Å"great† in English. The translated term of â€Å"Clean&Clear†, â€Å" † makes good use of alliterative rhythmic reduplication in order to achieve a combination of phonetic rhythm and verve. Lastly, â€Å"beauty of form† means the translated trademarks should make the best of conciseness and simpleness in structure, namely using few syllables, readability and understandability of the words and avoiding difficult and seldom-using words. People prefer two or three words of translated versions because this structure better accords with the referential custom and aesthetic psychology. There are many famous translated brand names with the above feature, such as â€Å"Head&Shoulders† (shampoo), â€Å"Avon† (cosmetic), â€Å"Johnsons† (cream) and so on. Especially the translated version â€Å" † is full of the characteristics of concision, elegance and vividness representing the feature and function of the product. 2. 4 Pay Attention to Cultural Differences Edward Taylor defined culture as â€Å"a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by individuals as members of a society. † (Taylor Edward B, 1871:36) Namely, the major factors contributing to the making of culture are the religions, habits, customs and history, which vary considerable from countries to countries. As a carrier of culture, language is an important part of culture which reflects the characteristics of a nation, which not only includes the nation’s historical and cultural background, but also contains the national outlook on life, lifestyles and ways of thinking. From the relationship between language and culture, it is obvious that translation is not only a process of transferring the source language into the target language, but also a process of a mutual communication and exchange between different cultures. Therefore, during the process of trademark translation, as language and culture are inseparable from each other, it is essential to pay more attention to cultural differences. 2. 4. 1. Differences in Religions Religions, myths, legends, and images from literary works are an in-separable part of culture. They are deeply rooted in culture and at the same time contribute a great deal to the formation of people’s concepts about certain objects. These elements, when involved in brand name translation, call for the translator’s sensitivity as well as flexibility in cultural adaptation in order that functional equivalence could be attained between the source brand name and the target brand name. For example, Goldlion was not well-liked when it first appeared in the Chinese market with the nameâ€Å" †. It is said that many people would not buy that product just because the name sounds very close toâ€Å" †in some Chinese dialects. Other people believe that the name was not well accepted because it resembles the sound ofâ€Å" †,which is also a taboo idea in China, especially in Hong Kong, where people display a particular liking for things with luck-bearing names. Anyway, the product did not sell well until the new nameâ€Å" †was adopted by Zeng Xianzi, a famous Chinese entrepreneur. He skillfully took apart the source brand name intoâ€Å"gold†andâ€Å"lion†. The first part was literally put intoâ€Å"? †to be faithful to the original, while the latter adopted the method of semantic transliteration and was put intoâ€Å" †,meaningâ€Å"bringing profit†. Such an auspicious name has helped a lot in building up the good fame of the product. 2. 4. 2 Differences in History. Every country has its own history. In the history, many historical incidents happened. These incidents have carved into the culture and have become a part of it. Being unaware of the history when translating a trademark will lead to failure. â€Å"Opium† is a brand of perfume. Actually in the western cul ention to hich reflects nd nice associationame, but also makes ation. things. he producr. ture, such kind of trademark name is popular, such as Poison, another perfume brand. However in China, â€Å" † has a negative meaning. The Chinese people experienced the shameful history related to opium since 1840, when the notorious Opium War broke out. Without the consideration of history, this brand encountered the resistance from the Chinese consumers. Finally, the trademark name â€Å" † was banned in China. 2. 4. 3 Differences in Customs and Habits Custom is one of the branches of culture reflecting the specific characteristics of a nation or parts of the nation. It is the sediment of long history and closely linked with the surroundings and the way of life. So some customs and habits exist in one culture but may be absent in another, which brings about an obstacle to Chinese-English brand name translation. Many Chinese brand names come from Chinese custom. One of the most famous rice wines named â€Å" † (Daughter Wine) is produced in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province of China. To Chinese customers, the brand name represents the happy events in one’s life, while they cannot arouse the same feeling in westerners if translated literally and that will absolutely cause cultural loss, because the western consumers do not know about the custom of the ancient Shaoxing. It is said that in ancient Shaoxing a jar of this wine was buried under the ground when a daughter was brought into the world. When the girl grew up and became a bride, the jar was dug out and presented to the guests attending the wedding. As the wine was uncapped, the smell of the wine spread far, and all guests became excited and congratulated the parents, so it was named â€Å" †. When a translator translate the trade mark, it is very necessary to reveal the cultural information of the brand names. It is not only easy for customers to know about the origin of the wine but accept it quickly, because any one from any country would like to equally appreciate the beautiful things, enjoy the happy feeling and desire success. Thus, in order to reveal the cultural information of this brand name, perhaps the translation â€Å"Daughter’s Wedding Wine† is more suitable. 2. 4. 4 Differences in the Attitudes towards Animals and Numbers People living in different cultures hold different attitudes and beliefs towards animals and numbers. What is considered a good omen in one culture may not symbolize the same in another. Therefore, it is generally advisable that people should not use this type of words to name the relative products, and when one translates existing brand names of this type, cultural adaptation may help him find a more proper target brand name. The difficulties caused by such words in brand name translation may be illustrated with the following example. As we know, the Chinese people often associate bats with good luck because the Chinese character â€Å"? †sounds the same asâ€Å"? †(meaningâ€Å"good fortune†). Some Chinese legends even say that when a bat lives 100 years, it turns white in color and hangs upside down from a tree, and eating that bat could bring a person longevity. A red bat foretells even better luck forâ€Å" †sounds exactly the same withâ€Å" †(being supremely fortunate). Some Chinese stick to the belief so much that they name their productsâ€Å" †. But if the translator adapts his linguistic choices to the different attitude towards the animal in European cultures, he would not considerâ€Å" Bat† a good name, for bat is regarded as an extremely evil omen in many European folklores. Perhaps translations like â€Å"Fortunes† would be better. Besides, numbers bring about different associations. Generally speaking, each culture has certain numbers believed to be either â€Å"lucky† or â€Å"ominous†, but this may often differ from individual to individual. Let’s take the translation of â€Å"7-up†, a brand of soft drink, as an example. The number â€Å"7† is thought to be a lucky number to many English speakers, but it does not have the same meaning in Chinese. Considering the cultural difference, the translator, in order to create a similar effect among the Chinese consumers, worked out the nameâ€Å" †. The name is quite satisfactory because its first partâ€Å"? †remains faithful to the source brand name without conveying any unfavorable meaning, and its second partâ€Å"? †conveys the meaning ofâ€Å"happiness and good luck†,and hence makes up for the loss of connotation in the numberâ€Å"7†. Chapter 3 General Methods in Trademark Translation Peter Newmark once said that different translation strategies should be adopted according to the different functions of different works (Mou Yan, 2008). It is well-known that trademark translation is not only to convey the cultural information of the source culture, but also to set up a good image in the target culture, and finally to attract the people in the target market to the product. In order to achieve these purposes, translators should adopt the following methods in the process of trademark translation. 3. 1 Literal Translation Literal translation, referred to as semantic translation by Peter Newmark, is a way of translation which aims at preserving the most possible cultural messages (including the communicative aspect of culture, such as, the formal elements of the SL) of the source text at the sacrifice of the formal elements of the target language and sometimes even the intelligibility of the target text (Zheng Shengtao, 1994). Since the formation of words in the Chinese language is different from that in the Western languages, it is actually impossible to achieve trademark translation by word-for-word translation in most cases. Peter Newmark favors â€Å"literal translation† too. He says, â€Å"I am somewhat of a ‘literalist’ because I am for truth and accuracy†. (Newmark Peter, 2001:62) Although sometimes literal translation may create something exotic or even eccentric for the target language readers, it will gradually be accepted by the target language and its culture. As long as the translated brand names from foreign language can be understood and accepted by the target consumers, literal translation is the best way for promoting cultural exchange through the brand name translation in China. As the brand name translation is to transfer between cultures, translators should make the target consumers understand the source culture. Some people say there is a better way for translators to approach the original. That is literal translation, which can keep the national feature. For example, some traditional brand names, which are very familiar to the Westerners even to the world like â€Å" † (The Yangtze River), â€Å" † (the Yellow River), and â€Å" † (the Great Wall) are chosen by the producers, as they are the symbols of Chinese wonderful natural history. When translators translate them, they have no need to do any translation. As these brand names are well-known to the world, and these Chinese characteristics of brand names are fresh and mysterious to the Westerners, it is easy to evoke the target consumers’ purchasing desire. Translators can adopt literal translation. The brand names â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" † carry our ancient cultural information. When translators translate them into the Western languages, they should keep literal translation and add some notes, in order to let the target consumers know the source culture. Literal translation also keeps the general form and keeps the structure of the source language. Today, Chinese culture are getting more and more popular in the world, and more and more Westerners are eager to study our language in order to learn our long history. Therefore, the kind of translation is a necessary way to let more people learn our traditional culture. On the other hand, in the English-speaking countries, there are some brand names which can be literally translated. For example, the very famous brand name â€Å"White cat† is translated into â€Å" †. And the brand name â€Å"Camel† is translated into â€Å" †. All these translated brand names are very suitable for the products, and the products will very probably be loved by the consumers in the target market. Here literal translation is not the same as word-for-word translation. Word-for-word translation is to rigidly reproduce every word in the process of translation. Strictly speaking, it is not a translation method. But, literal translation is a skill of translation, even if there do exist some additions or deletions while the essence of the original is not destroyed. Literal translation makes the target language more smooth and acceptable. Although literal translation can most possibly maintain the cultural messages of the source language, it sometimes will cause misunderstanding of the cultural messages or create unintelligible meanings. Let’s take Sprite as an example. If the word â€Å"Sprite† is translated literally or directly, it might be â€Å" †. The version would put Chinese consumers into great confusion because â€Å" † is a human-like monster in Chinese culture. Thus translators should consider other methods. Literal translation is adopted as the most ideal translation technique in reproducing images because it can preserve the original images as much as possible. Some English expressions wearing word-for-word similarity to some Chinese expressions may mean something quite different. In this case, translators should go deeper to find out what these English expressions really mean; otherwise mistakes will be made in literal translation. 3. 2 Transliteration Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one system of writing into another and it is mostly based on the pronunciation. Transliteration attempts to be lossless, so that an informed reader should be able to reconstruct the original spelling of unknown transliterated words. To achieve this objective, transliteration may define complex conventions to deal with letters in a source script that do not correspond with letters in a goal script. Transliteration means that trademarks are translated into similar names in pronunciation according to the original ones (Li Yi, 2009:232-234) It is generally believed that the adoption of this method can help to achieve various purposes. Some trademarks obtained in this way can effectively remind the customers of their classic status. Such trademarks are easier for target consumers to pronounce and memorize. Still, some trademarks are deliberately transliterated in order to cater to the foreign consumers’ general preference for foreign goods because some thus-translated trademarks sound more foreign-like. The world famous trademark â€Å"Intel† means: the ability to learn and reason and the capacity for knowledge and comprehension. Now you see why it is translated into â€Å" † which sounds foreign-like and is easy to memorize and read. Meanwhile, it indicates the characteristic of the product. Another example is the translation of â€Å"Ya Ya†. â€Å" † (down wear) is transliterated into â€Å"Ya Ya† instead of â€Å"Duck†. The translated trademark â€Å"Ya Ya† is a catchy name that can fulfill the simulating function of trademark effectively. These two examples show the characteristics of being simple and easy to pronounce and memorize and as well obey the principle of aesthetics. Though transliteration embodies the sound beauty of the original one, the translated trademark dictions should be chosen carefully. During transliteration, it is important to obey the characteristics of arousing desirable association. â€Å"Philip† was once translated into â€Å" † which sounds more similar to the original one than â€Å" †. But the three characters â€Å" † will arouse unfavorable association. People prefer good and appropriate words, and hence, when using transliteration method, translators should do their best to choose beautiful words. For example, â€Å"Lancome† (cosmetics) is put into â€Å" †. The two Chinese  characters are beautiful and can be associated with an elegant woman with certain spiritual qualities. These two words â€Å" † are always connected with beautiful things, such as â€Å" , †. That’s why Chinese females have a partiality for â€Å"Lancome†. In translation practice, we find that English trademarks are highly coherent in letters or words and can be pronounced easily in one breath, while the transliteration of Chinese trademarks are broken into independent words in accordance with the specific Chinese characters. So the English version often lacks coherence. To avoid the disadvantage of transliteration in strict accordance with the standard Chinese pronunciation, we can use transliteration method flexibly. To some extent, we can translate a trademark according to the local pronunciation. The following examples successfully avoid the above problem. â€Å" † (refrigerator) is translated into â€Å"Frestech† instead of â€Å"Xin Fei†. â€Å"Frestech† is composed of â€Å"fresh† and â€Å"technology†, which is coherent in structure and pronunciation. What’s more, it also implies that the product is produced with advanced technology. â€Å"† (tonic food) means that happiness is coming, suggesting the product will bring happiness and health to consumers. The English version â€Å"Life† caters to westerners’ psychology and is easier for them to pronounce and spell. 3. 3 Free Translation â€Å"Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original. Usually it is a paraphrase longer than the original. † In order to take advantage of the target language and make translated brand name more idiomatic and acceptable, some imaginary brand names are freely translated. Free translation can communicate the information of products clearly and vividly. It will make a strong impression on the target language consumers and arouse their response. There are many successful examples to show this method. For example, â€Å"Ariel† (washing powder) is rendered as â€Å" †. The word â€Å"? † means â€Å"clean† and â€Å"clear†. So â€Å" † indicates the super cleaning capability of the washing powder. Similarity, â€Å"Safeguard† (soap) is not literally translated into â€Å" †, but â€Å" †. The translation describes the product’s function and attributes. â€Å"Rejoice† (shampoo) is not translated into â€Å"†, but â€Å" †, meaning softness and glossiness. â€Å"Slek†(shampoo) is also rendered as â€Å" † through free translation. â€Å" † in Chinese can be a noun as well as a verb phrase. If â€Å" † is interpreted as a noun, it means beautiful buds, implying ladies will be like an elegant bud after using the shampoo; if â€Å" † is interpreted as a verb, it means nourishing a bud to make it come out. This implies the shampoo can make hair glossier. â€Å"Zest†(soap) is paraphrased as â€Å" † through free translation. â€Å"? † is a very popular word in China, which brings the soap a fashionable element. This translation is improved from the original one â€Å" † in literal method. â€Å" † is more proper and suitable to meet the needs of the youth who are the target customers. 3. 4 Liberal Translation plus Transliteration In order to reach the criteria of trademark translation—beauty in meaning and sound, and to make the translated versions possess the general features of good brand names, we can use the combination of liberal translation and transliteration to translate brand names, since in many cases liberal or transliteration cannot do the job along. A good translation of a brand name should not only be similar to the original sound but also reflect the connotation of the original. The combination of liberal translation and transliteration may achieve double purposes, as the message of the brand name will be more vividly reflected so that it will be more impressive to guide consumption. Here we take some examples to appreciate the merits of this kind of method. For example, â€Å"Pampers†Ã¢â‚¬â€diapers from P&G, is rich in meaning and clear in pronunciation. The translated brand name â€Å" † has got a balance between the meaning and the pronunciation. The brand name of a medicine â€Å"Bufferin† is translated into â€Å" †. The translated brand name does not tell us what the medicine is, but it forms a sound which is very close to that of the source brand name. A drink named â€Å"Milo† is translated into â€Å" †, which not only makes us know that the pronunciation of the translated word is close to that of the original, but tells us what the product is made from and the property of the product.